With reference to the picture given here answer the following questions:

(a) Identify the person.

(b) Name the College which became the centre of a Movement called the Aligarh Movement. What was the theme of the Movement?

(c) He urged Muslims not to join the Congress and to be loyal to the British. Why did he take this course of action?

(d) What was the object of the Anglo-Oriental Defence Association?

(a) The picture given here shows Sir Syed Ahmad Khan.

(b) Sir Syed Ahmad Khan founded a school at Aligarh which in 1875 developed into the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College. The Anglo-Oriental College at Aligarh became the Centre of a movement, popularly known as the Aligarh Movement. The theme of the Movement was "loyalty, approval and support of the Government".

(c) Sir Syed Ahmad Khan urged Muslims not to join the Congress and to be loyal to the British because of the following reasons-

1. He feared that when British withdrew, the Hindus would play a dominant role in political, economic and social affairs of the land.
2. According to him, the British rule in India was permanent and irremovable, and therefore, the community could only flourish if it could win the favours of the British Government.
3. It logically followed that the Muslims should place all their interests in the hands of the rulers.

(d) The object of the Anglo-Oriental Defence Association was to promote loyalty towards the rulers and to prevent Muslims from participating in any political movement.