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Chemistry

Give balanced equations for the following conversions.

  1. An alkyne to an alkene.
  2. An alkene to an alkane.
  3. An alkane to an alcohol.
  4. An alcohol to an alkene.
  5. A carboxylic acid to an ammonium salt

Organic Chemistry

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Answer

1. An alkyne to an alkene:

H2C2 ethyne [acetylene]+H2300°CNickleC2H4ethene\underset{\text{ ethyne [acetylene]}}{\text{H}2\text{C}2} + \text{H}2 \xrightarrow[300\degree\text{C}]{\text{Nickle}} \underset{\text{ethene}}{\text{C}2\text{H}_4}

2. An alkene to an alkane:

C2H4ethene+H2300°CNickleC2H6ethane\underset{\text{ethene}}{\text{C}2\text{H}4} + \text{H}2 \xrightarrow[300\degree\text{C}]{\text{Nickle}} \underset{\text{ethane}}{\text{C}2\text{H}_6}

3. An alkane to an alcohol:

2C2H6 ethane+O2200°CCu tube2C2H5OHethanol\underset{\text{ ethane}}{2\text{C}2\text{H}6} + \text{O}2 \xrightarrow[200 \text{\degree C}]{\text{Cu tube}} \underset{\text{ethanol}}{2\text{C}2\text{H}_5\text{OH}}

4. An alcohol to an alkene:

C2H5OH ethyl alcohol170°CConc. H2SO4[excess]C2H4ethene+H2O\underset{\text{ ethyl alcohol}}{\text{C}2\text{H}5\text{OH}} \xrightarrow[170\degree\text{C}]{\text{Conc. H}2\text{SO}4\text{[excess]}} \underset{ \text{ethene}}{\text{C}2\text{H}4} + \text{H}_2\text{O}\

5. A carboxylic acid to an ammonium salt :

CH3COOH acetic acid+NH4OHCH3COONH4Ammonium acetate+H2O\underset{\text{ acetic acid}}{\text{CH}3\text{COOH}} + \text{NH}4\text{OH}\longrightarrow \underset{ \text{Ammonium acetate}}{\text{CH}3\text{COONH}4} + \text{H}_2\text{O}\

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