Chemistry
Explain the terms — 'Isomers' and 'Isomerism'. State the 'Characteristics of isomers' with reference to —
- Properties of isomers
- Number of isomers with relation to carbon atoms in the isomer.
Differentiate between — 'Chain isomerism' and 'Position isomerism ' — with suitable examples.
Organic Chemistry
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Answer
Isomers & Isomerism — Organic compounds having the same molecular formula but differing in molecular arrangement or in structural formula are called Isomers and the phenomenon is called Isomerism.
Characteristics of Isomers:
- Properties of Isomers — Isomers of the same homologous series have similar chemical properties but differ in physical properties.
- Number of Isomers — Number of Isomers increases with increase in number of carbon atoms. [e.g., C4H10 has two isomers, C5H12 has three isomers]
Difference between Chain Isomerism and Position Isomerism:
Chain Isomerism occurs due to the difference in arrangemnet of Carbon atoms in the chain whereas Position Isomerism occurs due to the difference in position of functional group.
Isomers of Pentane exhibit chain isomerism:
n-pentane
![n-pentane isomer of Pentane exhibits chain isomerism. Organic Chemistry, Simplified Chemistry Dalal Solutions ICSE Class 10](https://cdn1.knowledgeboat.com/img/scd10/n-pentane-organic-chemistry-icse-class-10-1200x518.png)
iso-pentane
![iso-pentane isomer of Pentane exhibits chain isomerism. Organic Chemistry, Simplified Chemistry Dalal Solutions ICSE Class 10](https://cdn1.knowledgeboat.com/img/scd10/2-methyl-butane-organic-chemistry-icse-class-10-1200x373.png)
Isomers of Butyne exhibit position isomerism:
but-1-yne
![but-1-yne isomer of Butyne exhibits position isomerism. Organic Chemistry, Simplified Chemistry Dalal Solutions ICSE Class 10](https://cdn1.knowledgeboat.com/img/scd10/but-1-yne-organic-chemistry-icse-class-10-1200x578.png)
but-2-yne
![but-2-yne isomer of Butyne exhibits position isomerism. Organic Chemistry, Simplified Chemistry Dalal Solutions ICSE Class 10](https://cdn1.knowledgeboat.com/img/scd10/but-2-yne-organic-chemistry-icse-class-10-1200x575.png)
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State what are 'Alkyl groups'. State the alkyl group of the parent alkane — methane and ethane.
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- IUPAC and the common name of the first three members and condensed/branched/electronic structural formula of each
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C=C; -C≡C-; -OH; -CHO; -COOH; X = -F, -Cl, -Br, -I ; -C=O; -C-O-C-
with one example each of an organic compound with the respective functional group.
Explain the term – 'Nomenclature'. State it's need with reference to organic compounds. State the basic rules of Nomenclature by the trivial system with suitable examples. Explain the longest chain rule and the smallest number for functional groups rule of Nomenclature by the IUPAC system with suitable examples.