Chemistry
Explain the term – 'Hydrocarbons'. State the two main groups of hydrocarbons with examples. Draw a chart differentiating — 'Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes' — with respect to:
- General formula
- Characteristic bond
- IUPAC and the common name of the first three members and condensed/branched/electronic structural formula of each
- Availability of electrons
- Reactivity
- Characteristic reaction.
Organic Chemistry
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Answer
Hydrocarbons — Hydrocarbons are compounds that are made up only of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Classification of Hydrocarbons — Hydrocarbons are sub-divided into two main groups, the aliphatic (open) and cyclic (closed) chain compounds. The open chain compounds or aliphatic hydrocarbons are further sub-divided into saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Example of saturated hydrocarbons is the homologous series of Alkanes. Examples of unsaturated hydrocarbons are the homologous series of Alkenes and Alkynes.
| Alkanes | Alkenes | Alkynes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| General formula | CnH2n+2 | CnH2n | CnH2n-2 |
| Characteristic bond | Contains a single C – C covalent bond | Contains a double C = C covalent bond | Contains a triple C≡C covalent bond |
| IUPAC Name of first 3 members | Methane, Ethane, Propane | Ethene, Propene, 1-Butene | Ethyne, Propyne, 1-Butyne |
| Common Name of first 3 members | Methane, Ethane, Propane | Ethylene, Propylene, 1-Butylene | Acetylene, Methyl acetylene, Ethyl acetylene |
| Condensed Structural Formula |  |  |  |
| Branched Structural Formula |  |  |  |
| Availability of electrons | Not available | Available | Available |
| Reactivity | Less reactive | More reactive | Most reactive |
| Characteristic Reaction | Substitution reaction | Addition reaction | Addition reaction |
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Related Questions
Draw the structural formula of each of the following :
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