Explain the term – 'Hydrocarbons'. State the two main groups of hydrocarbons with examples. Draw a chart differentiating — 'Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes' — with respect to:

1. General formula
2. Characteristic bond
3. IUPAC and the common name of the first three members and condensed/branched/electronic structural formula of each
4. Availability of electrons
5. Reactivity
6. Characteristic reaction.

Draw the structural formula of each of the following :

Alkene

(a) No corresponding alkene

(b) Ethene

(c) Propene

(d) Butene — Position isomers
    (i) 1-butene
    (ii) 2-butene
    — Chain isomer
    (i) 2-methyl prop-1-ene

(e) Pentene — Position isomers
    (i) 1-pentene     (i) 2-pentene     — Chain isomer
    (i) 2-methyl but-1-ene
    (ii) 3-methyl but-1-ene

Explain the term – 'Nomenclature'. State it's need with reference to organic compounds. State the basic rules of Nomenclature by the trivial system with suitable examples. Explain the longest chain rule and the smallest number for functional groups rule of Nomenclature by the IUPAC system with suitable examples.

Draw the structural formula of each of the following :

Alkyne

(a) No corresponding alkyne

(b) Ethyne

(c) Propyne

(d) Butyne — Position isomers
    (i) 1-butyne     (ii) 2-butyne

(e) Pentyne — Position isomers
    (i) 1-pentyne     (ii) 2-pentyne
    — Chain isomer
    (i) 3-methyl but-1-yne