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State what are 'Functional groups'. Name the following functional groups —

C=C; -C≡C-; -OH; -CHO; -COOH; X = -F, -Cl, -Br, -I ; -C=O; -C-O-C-

with one example each of an organic compound with the respective functional group.

Organic Chemistry

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Answer

An atom, radical or bond which defines the structure of an organic compound and confers characteristic properties to it is known as a functional group.

GroupNameExample
C=Ccarbon-carbon
double bond
Ethene
(C2H4)
-C≡C-carbon-carbon
triple bond
Ethyne
(C2H2)
-OHHydroxylMethanol
(CH3OH)
-CHOAldehydicMethanal
(HCHO)
-COOHCarboxylicMethanoic acid
(HCOOH)
X = -F, -Cl, -Br, -IHaloChloro Methane
(CH3Cl)
-C=OKetonicPropanone
(CH3-CO-CH3)
-C-O-C-AlkoxyMethoxy Methane
(CH3-O-CH3)

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