Explain the term – 'Hydrocarbons'. State the two main groups of hydrocarbons with examples. Draw a chart differentiating — 'Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes' — with respect to:

1. General formula
2. Characteristic bond
3. IUPAC and the common name of the first three members and condensed/branched/electronic structural formula of each
4. Availability of electrons
5. Reactivity
6. Characteristic reaction.

Draw the structural formula of each of the following :

Alkane

(a) Methane

(b) Ethane

(c) Propane

(d) Butane — chain isomers
    (i) 1-butane [n-butane]
    (ii) 2-methyl propane [iso-butane]

(e) Pentane — chain isomers
    (i) 1-pentane [n-pentane]
    (ii) 2-methyl butane [iso-pentane]
    (iii) 2-2-dimethylpropane [neo-pentane]

Draw the structural formula of each of the following :

Alcohol

(a) Methanol [methyl alcohol]

(b) Ethanol [ethyl alcohol]

(c) Propanol — Position isomers
    (i) 1-propanol [n-propylalcohol]
    (ii) 2-propanol [iso-propylalcohol]

(d) Butanol — Position isomers
    (i) 1-butanol
    (ii) 2-butanol
    — Chain isomers
    (i) 2-methyl propan-1-ol
    (ii) 2-methyl propan-2-ol

(e) Pentanol — Position isomers
    (i) 1-pentanol
    (i) 2-pentanol
    (i) 3-pentanol

Draw the structural formula of each of the following :

Alkyne

(a) No corresponding alkyne

(b) Ethyne

(c) Propyne

(d) Butyne — Position isomers
    (i) 1-butyne     (ii) 2-butyne

(e) Pentyne — Position isomers
    (i) 1-pentyne     (ii) 2-pentyne
    — Chain isomer
    (i) 3-methyl but-1-yne