History
Describe what you see in Fig. 17. What historical events could Hübner be referring to in this allegorical vision of the nation?
Europe Nationalism
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Answer
The figure shows Germania as drawn by Philip Veit in 1848. Germania wears a crown of oak leaves, as the German oak stands for heroism. She has sword with olive branch showing readiness to fight as well as willingness to make peace. Black, red and gold tricolour flag belongs liberal-nationalists in 1848. Breastplate with eagle is the symbol of strength of the German empire.
Hübner depicted the fallen Germania. Germania is depicted as a fallen woman, with the crown thrown aside, because the German people's hopes for unity under one monarch (King Friedrich Wilhelm IV) were dashed when he rejected their demand in 1848. The artist, depicted Germany in a forlorn state as a result of the king's rejection. It symbolised the loss of hope.
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Related Questions
Look once more at Fig. 10. Imagine you were a citizen of Frankfurt in March 1848 and were present during the proceedings of the parliament. How would you (a) as a man seated in the hall of deputies, and (b) as a woman observing from the galleries, relate to the banner of Germania hanging from the ceiling?
The artist has portrayed Garibaldi as holding on to the base of the boot, so that the King of Sardinia-Piedmont can enter it from the top. Look at the map of Italy once more. What statement is this caricature making?
With the help of the chart in Box 3, identify the attributes of Veit's Germania and interpret the symbolic meaning of the painting. In an earlier allegorical rendering of 1836, Veit had portrayed the Kaiser's crown at the place where he has now located the broken chain. Explain the significance of this change.
Box 3
Meanings of the symbols Attribute Significance Broken chains Being freed Breastplate with eagle Symbol of the German empire – strength Crown of oak leaves Heroism Sword Readiness to fight Olive branch around the sword Willingness to make peace Black, red and gold tricolour Flag of the liberal-nationalists in 1848, banned by the Dukes of the German states Rays of the rising sun Beginning of a new era Look at Fig. 14(a). Do you think that the people living in any of these regions thought of themselves as Italians?
Examine Fig. 14(b). Which was the first region to become a part of unified Italy? Which was the last region to join? In which year did the largest number of states join?
