Tissues: Plant and Animal Tissues

Progress Check 1

Question 1

What are the two basic types of plant tissues?

Answer

The two basic types of plant tissues are:

1. Meristematic tissue
2. Permanent tissue

Question 2

Give the technical terms for the following:

1. The category of plant tissues that have lost their ability to multiply.
2. The kind of plant cells with thin walls and usually a single large vacuole.
3. Elongated cells which are thickened at the corners.
4. The two types of tissues which provide the upward movement of water and dissolved food materials from the roots/leaves to other parts of the plant.

Answer

1. Permanent tissue.
2. Parenchyma.
3. Collenchyma.
4. Xylem and Phloem.

Question 3

Mention if the following statements are true (T) or false (F)

1. Phloem cells carry manufactured food from leaves to other parts.
2. Veins of leaves have both xylem and phloem.
3. The older xylem tissue does not participate in transport.
4. The sclerenchyma consists of actively dividing cells.

Answer

1. True
2. True
3. True
4. False
   Corrected statement — The sclerenchyma consists of dead cells with thick walls.

Progress Check 2

Question 1

Name the kind of animal tissue in which

1. Cells are flat, cuboidal or columnar, forming protective layer.
2. Cells produce and pour out chemical substances.
3. Cells can contract and relax.
4. Cells can conduct impulses.

Answer

1. Epithelium
2. Glandular epithelium
3. Muscle cells
4. Nerve cell

Question 2

Give one example of each of the following tissues where they are located.

1. Ciliated columnar epithelium
2. Elastic cartilage
3. Unstriated muscles

Answer

1. The trachea (Wind pipe)
2. Tip of Nose
3. Iris

Question 3

Write one speciality each of the following :

1. Cartilage
2. Bone
3. Striated muscle
4. Cardiac muscle

Answer

1. They are elastic.
2. It is hard and porous tissue with good supply of blood vessels and nerve cells.
3. They are voluntary muscles.
4. They do not get tired.

Question 4

Mention if the following statements are true (T) or false (F)

1. Axons of nerve cells are very long.
2. Dendrons bundled together form a nerve.
3. Cardiac muscles get tired soon.
4. Epithelial cells leave space in between.
5. Perikaryon is the nucleus of a nerve cell.
6. Muscles of the iris of the eye are of voluntary type.
7. Cartilage has no blood vessels or the nerves in it.

Answer

1. True
2. False
   Corrected Statement — Axons bundled together form a nerve.
3. False
   Corrected Statement — Cardiac muscles do not get tired.
4. False
   Corrected Statement — Epithelial cells leave no space in between.
5. False
   Corrected Statement — Perikaryon is the cell body of a nerve cell.
6. False
   Corrected Statement — Muscles of the iris of the eye are of involuntary type.
7. True

Multiple Choice Type

Question 1

In potato, starch is stored in :

1. Sclerenchyma
2. Collenchyma
3. Parenchyma
4. Chlorenchyma

Answer

Parenchyma

Reason — Parenchyma tissue store food as in potatoes.

Question 2

Tendons and ligaments are examples of :

1. Cartilage
2. Muscular tissue
3. Fibrous connective tissue
4. Adipose tissue

Answer

Fibrous connective tissue

Reason — Tendons and ligaments are Fibrous connective tissue connecting muscle to bone and bone to bone respectively.

Question 3

Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?

1. Meristem — Actively dividing cells
2. Xylem — Transport of food
3. Phloem — Transport of water
4. Sclerenchyma — Storage of starch

Answer

Meristem — Actively dividing cells

Reason — Meristems are actively dividing cells found on growing tips of plant.

Question 4

Parenchyma containing chloroplasts is known as:

1. Parenchyma
2. Aerenchyma
3. Collenchyma
4. Chlorenchyma

Answer

Chlorenchyma

Reason —Parenchyma containing chloroplasts is known as Chlorenchyma which carry out photosynthesis.

Question 5

Annual rings are the number of :

1. Internodes in a stem
2. Rings of vascular bundles in a monocot stem.
3. Bark layers in a woody stem.
4. Layers of Xylem in a stem.

Answer

Layers of Xylem in a stem.

Reason — Older xylem tissue form the wood and does not take part in transportation and form the annual ring.

Question 6

Which of the following cells in plants are said to be dead ?

1. Meristem
2. Parenchyma
3. Collenchyma
4. Sclerenchyma

Answer

Sclerenchyma

Reason — Sclerenchyma become dead. They have deposition of lignin on their walls.

Question 7

Which of the following connects a muscle to a bone?

1. Cartilage
2. Ligament
3. Tendon
4. Interstitial fluid

Answer

Tendon

Reason — Tendons are connective tissue that connect a muscle to a bone.

Question 8

Which of the following tissues is richly found in the tear gland ?

1. Ciliated epithelium
2. Cuboidal epithelium
3. Squamous epithelium
4. Glandular epithelium

Answer

Glandular epithelium

Reason — The cells that release secretion, consist of Glandular epithelium.

Question 9

Which one of the following tissues helps in the growth of plants lengthwise?

1. Lateral meristem
2. Apical meristem
3. Parenchyma
4. Collenchyma

Answer

Apical meristem

Reason — Apical meristem helps in the growth of plants lengthwise.

Question 10

Cardiac muscle is:

1. Involuntary
2. Smooth
3. Striated
4. Involuntary and Striated.

Answer

Involuntary and Striated.

Reason — Cardiac muscles are involuntary in function. The fibres of cardiac muscles are striated, uninucleated and branched.

Very Short Answer Type

Question 1

Name the kind of tissue found

1. At the tip of plant roots
2. At the lower surface of leaf
3. In the inner lining of intestine
4. At the joint between two long bones
5. In the walls of the veins of leaves
6. As gritty masses in the skin of pears

Answer

1. The apical meristem is present at the tip of plant roots.
2. The epidermis , is found on the lower surface of leaf.
3. The intestinal epithelium is present in the inner lining of the intestine.
4. Ligament is present at the joint between the two bones.
5. The vascular cambium is present in the walls of the veins of leaves.
6. Sclereids (Sclerenchyma) are the tissue found as gritty masses in the skin of pears.

Question 2

Where is the least specialized tissue located in plants

Answer

The least specialized tissue in plants is located in roots, fruits and stem of the plant. It is known as the Parenchyma.

Question 3

Give one word for each of the following:

1. A group of similar cells performing a specific function.
2. Cells least specialized in the plants.
3. Cells responsible for increase in diameter of the stem and root of dicot plants.

Answer

1. Tissue
2. Parenchyma
3. Cambium

Question 4

Name one place each in living organisms where the following tissues are located:

1. Meristematic tissue
2. Cartilage
3. Squamous epithelium
4. Sclerenchyma
5. Ciliated epithelium
6. Ligament

Answer

1. Tip of roots
2. Tip of the nose
3. Found lining the nasal and mouth cavities, blood vessels
4. Veins and stems of leaves
5. Lining of wind pipe
6. The ACL attaches the thighbone to the shinbone

Question 5

Name the kinds of cells found in the following places:

1. Salivary gland
2. Brain
3. Surface of the human skin
4. Inner lining of the wind pipe

Answer

1. The cells present in the salivary gland are cuboidal epithelium cells.
2. The cells present in the brain are Neuron.
3. The cells present in the surface of the human skin are simple epithelium cells.
4. The cells present in the inner lining of the wind pipe are ciliated columnar epithelium cells.

Short Answer Type

Question 1

Name any one body part where ciliated epithelium is found in humans? What is its function?

Answer

We find ciliated epithelium tissue in the lining of the trachea.

Ciliated epithelium is a thin tissue that has hair-like structures on it. These hairs called cilia move back and forth to help move particles out of our body.

Question 2

Define the terms:

1. Tissue
2. Organ
3. Organ system
4. Lymph
5. Neuron

Answer

1. A tissue is group of similar cells performing a specific function.
2. Several tissues together contributing to some specific function inside the body, constitute an organ.
3. Group of organs performing specific life function is called organ system.
4. Lymph is the fluid surrounding the body cells. It is essentially the blood plasma that has oozed out of the blood vessels. It contains white blood cells.
5. Neuron (nerve cells) are the fundamental units of the nervous system specialized to transmit information in the form of electrical impulses to different parts of the body.

Question 3

Write the specific locations of the following tissues in plants/animals.

1. Sclerenchyma
2. Collenchyma
3. Ciliated columnar epithelium
4. Cardiac muscles

Answer

1. Stems and veins of the leaves.
2. Leaf stalks and below the epidermis of stems.
3. The trachea.
4. Heart.

Question 4

List the tissues found in the human heart?

Answer

The tissues found in the human heart are:

1. Epithelial tissue
2. Connective tissue
3. Nervous tissue
4. Muscular tissue

Question 5

Can you consider a cluster of eggs as a tissue? Why?

Answer

No, we cannot consider a cluster of eggs as a tissue. A tissue is a group of cells having a common origin and performing a common function. A cluster of eggs is not a tissue since each egg has individual function and they don't function as a group.

Question 6

Name the three kinds of muscles found in the human body. In each case, name one region in the body where they are found.

Answer

The three kinds of muscles found in the human body are -

1. Skeletal muscle – They are found in biceps
2. Smooth muscle – Intestines and stomach
3. Cardiac muscle – Heart

Long Answer Type

Question 1

Distinguish between following pairs with reference to what is asked in the brackets.

(a) Parenchyma and Collenchyma (cellular structure)

(b) Meristematic and Permanent tissue (cell division)

(c) Blood and Lymph (cellular components)

(d) Bone and Cartilage (porosity)

(e) Voluntary and Involuntary muscles (shape and cellular structure)

Answer

(a) Difference between Parenchyma and Collenchyma (cellular structure):

(b) Difference between Meristematic and Permanent tissue (cell division):

(c) Difference between Blood and Lymph (cellular components):

(d) Difference between Bone and Cartilage (porosity):

(e) Difference between Voluntary and Involuntary muscles (shape and cellular structure):

Question 2

What is the difference between-

1. Cell and tissue?
2. Organ and organism?
3. Organ and organelle?
4. Organ and organ system?

Answer

1. Cell and Tissue

2. Organ and Organism

3. Organ and Organelle

4. Organ and Organ System

Structured/Application Questions

Question 1

Study the diagram given below and then answer the questions that follow:

1. Identify the tissue and give a reason to support your answer.
2. Name the parts labelled 1,2,3 and 4.
3. Where is this tissue likely to be found in the plant?
4. State the function of the parts labelled 1,2,3 and 4.

Answer

1. The given diagram is a longitudinal section of a phloem tissue of a plant as the cells exhibit cellular contents.

2. The following parts are labelled:

   • 1 → Sieve cell
   • 2 → Phloem parenchyma cell
   • 3 → Companion cell
   • 4 → Sieve plate

3. This tissue is likely to be found in the stem and leaves as it is the tissue that conducts food, the manufactured food in the leaves needs to be transported to other parts of the plant.

4. The functions of the labelled parts are as follows-

   • 1 → Sieve cell — Assists in transporting food from leaves to storage structures and other plant parts.
   • 2 → Phloem parenchyma cell — Stores fat, starch and other organic food material.
   • 3 → Companion cell — Facilitates the functioning of the cells of sieve tube.
   • 4 → Sieve plate — Dissolved organic solutes and water permeates through these structures as it contains perforations.

Question 2

Study the diagram given below and then answer the questions that follow:

1. Identify the cell.
2. Name the parts labeled 1,2,3,4,5, and 6.
3. Where is this cell likely to be found in the human body and what is its function.

Answer

1. The cell is the neuron or the nerve cell.
2. The labelled parts are:
   • 1 → Perikaryon/Cyton
   • 2 → Axon
   • 3 → Nucleus
   • 4 → Nissl Granules
   • 5 → Neurolemma
   • 6 → Axon endings
3. In human body, the nerve cell is found in the nervous system.
   Function:
   1. Transmission of messages from one to another body part.
   2. It is linked with the response and perception of animals.

Question 3

The figures (A and B) given below are two kinds of animal tissues. Study the figures and answer the following questions:

1. Identify the tissue A and B.
2. Label all the guidelines marked in the figures A and B.
3. Write one common function of both the tissues A and B.
4. Mention one functional difference between A and B.
5. Write one specific location of each (A and B) in human body.

Answer

1. Tissue A is Cartilage. Tissue B is Bone.

2. Fig. A

   • 1 → Matrix
   • 2 → Cell

   Fig. B

   • 1 → Concentric Lamellae
   • 2 → Haversian Canal
   • 3 → Bone cell

3. Common function of both the tissue is providing support.

4. Cartilage provides support to flexible and elastic parts of body like trachea while bone is hard and provides structural support to the body.

5. A → Bronchial tubes
   B → Ribs

Question 4

1. What are the two kinds of fibrous connective tissue?
2. Write one important function of each.
3. Draw a neat diagram of fibrous connective tissue. Label its four important parts.

Answer

1. Tendons and Ligaments are two fibrous connective tissue.

2. Tendons connect muscles to bones. Ligaments connect bone to bone.

3. Below diagram shows fibrous connective tissue with four of its important parts labelled: