Assertion (A): A Stack is a linear data structure that stores the elements in First In, First Out order.

Reasoning (R): In Stack, a new element is added and removed from one end only.

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.

Assertion (A): Stack and Queue are linear data structures.

Reasoning (R): List, tuples and dictionaries are Python built-in linear data structures.

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.

Assertion (A): An element in a Stack is removed from its Top.

Reasoning (R): The process of removing an element from a Stack is called pop.

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.

Assertion (A): An error gets displayed when you try to delete an element from an empty Stack.

Reasoning (R): Inserting an element when the Stack is full is termed as Underflow.

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.

Assertion. There is a difference between a standalone computer and a computer as a network node.

Reason. A standalone computer needs a special hardware NIC to be a network node.

Assertion. A server is a computer but not every computer is a server.

Reason. A computer having the capabilities to serve the requests of other network nodes is a server.

Assertion. On a computer network the users work on network nodes only.

Reason. A server cannot act as a network node.

Assertion. A local telephone network is an example of circuit switched network.

Reason. In circuit switching, a complete physical connection is established between the source node and the destination node, prior to any transmission.

Assertion. In non-circuit switching techniques, the message may take different routes at different times.

Reason. The message switching and packet switching techniques are the same.

Assertion. The tree topology is a hybrid topology created through a combination of Bus and Star topologies.

Reason. In tree topologies, at a time either bus topology transmission is followed or star topology transmission takes place but never both.