Biology
The diagram given below is that of a structure present in a human kidney. Study the same and answer the questions that follow:
(i) Name the structure represented in the diagram.
(ii) What is the liquid entering part '1' called? Name two substances present in this liquid that are reabsorbed in the tubule.
(iii) What is the fluid that comes to part '2' called? Name the main nitrogenous waste in it.
(iv) Mention the three main steps involved in the formation of the fluid mentioned in (iii) above.
(v) Name the substance which may be present in the fluid in part '2' if a person suffers from Diabetes mellitus.
Answer
(i) The structure represented in the diagram is that of Nephron.
(ii) The liquid entering part 1 is called Glomerular filtrate which is formed by the ultrafiltration of blood through glomerulus. The two substances present in this liquid are — Glucose and Water.
(iii) The fluid that comes to part 2 is called urine. The main nitrogenous waste in urine is Urea.
(iv) The three main steps involved in the formation of urine are:
- Ultrafiltration
- Selective reabsorption
- Tubular secretion.
(v) If a person suffers from diabetes mellitus Glucose will be present in the urine.
Related Questions
The diagram given below shows the internal structure of a spinal cord depicting a phenomenon. Study the diagram and answer the questions:
(i) Name the phenomenon that is depicted in the diagram. Define the phenomenon.
(ii) Give the technical term for the point of contact between the two nerve cells.
(iii) Name the parts numbered 1, 2 and 3.
(iv) How does the arrangement of neurons in the spinal cord differ from that of the brain?
(v) Mention two ways by which the spinal cord is protected in our body.
Give appropriate biological or technical terms for the following:
(i) Process of maintaining water and salt balance in the blood.
(ii) Hormones which regulate the secretion of other endocrine glands.
(iii) Movement of molecules of a substance from their higher concentration to lower concentration when they are in direct contact.
(iv) The condition in which a pair of chromosomes carry similar alleles of a particular character.
(v) The complex consisting of a DNA strand and a core of histones.
(vi) The onset of menstruation in a young girl.
(vii) Squeezing out of white blood cells from the capillaries into the surrounding tissues.
(viii) The fluid which surrounds the foetus.
(ix) The relaxation phase of the heart.
(x) The difference between the birth rate and the death rate.
Differentiate between the following pairs on the basis of what is indicated in the brackets.
(i) Leaf and Liver [form in which glucose is stored]
(ii) ATP and AIDS [expand the abbreviations]
(iii) Testosterone and Oestrogen [organ which secretes]
(iv) Ureter and Urethra [function]
(v) Hypotonic solution and Hypertonic solution [condition of a plant cell when placed in them]
Given below is a diagram of a human blood smear. Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow:
(i) Name the components numbered '1' to '4'.
(ii) Mention two structural differences between the parts '1' and '2'.
(iii) Name the soluble protein found in part '4' which forms insoluble threads during clotting of blood.
(iv) What is the average lifespan of the component numbered '1'?
(v) Component numbered '1' do not have certain organelles but are very efficient in their function. Explain.