Biology
Study the diagram given alongside and then answer the questions that follow:
(a) Name the region in the kidney where the above structure is present?
(b) Name the parts labelled 1, 2, 3, and 4.
(c) Name the stages involved in the formation of urine.
(d) What is the technical term given to the process occurring in 2 and 3? Briefly describe the process.
Answer
(a) The structure is a Bowman's capsule, which is part of the nephron. The Bowman's capsule is found in the cortex of the kidney.
(b) The parts labelled 1-4 are:
- 1 → Afferent arteriole
- 2 → Glomerulus
- 3 → Bowman's capsule
- 4 → Efferent arteriole
(c) Urine formation occurs in three major steps:
- Ultrafiltration
- Reabsorption
- Tubular Secretion.
(d) The process occurring in 2 and 3 is known as Ultrafiltration.
The blood flows through the glomerulus under great pressure which is much greater than in the capillaries elsewhere. The reason for this greater pressure is that the efferent arteriole is narrower than the afferent arteriole. The high pressure causes the liquid part of the blood to filter out from the glomerulus into the renal tubule. This filtration under extraordinary force is called Ultrafiltration.
Related Questions
Given alongside is the figure of certain organs and associated parts in the human body. Study the same and answer the questions that follow:
(a) Name all the organ-systems shown completely or even partially.
(b) Name the parts numbered 1 to 5.
(c) Name the structural and functional unit of the part marked '1'.
(d) Name the two main organic constituents of the fluid that flows down the part labelled '3'.
(e) Name the two major steps involved in the formation of the fluid that passes down the part labelled '3'.
The figure given below represents a kidney tubule in humans and its blood supply. Study the figure and answer the questions that follow. Write specific name and numbers shown in the diagram for each answer.
(a) Name the part which consists of a knot-like mass of blood capillaries.
(b) What is the specific name for the combination of parts shown as 5 and 3?
(c) Name the part which collects the glomerular filtrate.
(d) Where is the most water reabsorbed?
(e) Name the part which collects urine in the diagram shown.
(f) Which part lies in the medulla of the kidney?
(g) Which of the above parts is involved in the process of tubular secretion?
(h) How is hydrostatic pressure created?
(i) Where does ultrafiltration take place?
(j) Name two important constituents of urine.
Given below is a simple diagram of the longitudinal section of a human kidney. Study the same and answer the following questions:
(a) Name the part of kidney which is found between medulla and pelvis.
(b) What is the basic structural and functional unit of kidney ?
(c) What is main function of kidney ?
(d) Mention the exact location of kidney.
(e) Write two differences in the composition of blood flowing through blood vessels A and B.
(f) Name the part of kidney which collects urine for the first time from the nephrons.
(g) Define 'Osmoregulation'.
(h) Name the technique which is normally suggested by the doctors to the patients in case of a permanent damage to both the kidneys.
(i) Name the hormone which is associated with the 'reabsorption' step of urine production.
(j) Draw a neat and labelled diagram of a malpighian capsule.
Given alongside is a simplified diagram of the human kidney cut open longitudinally. Answer the questions that follow:
(a) Define excretion.
(b) Why does the cortex of the kidney show a dotted appearance?
(c) Why does the medulla of the kidney show a striped appearance?
(d) Write two differences in composition of the blood flowing through the blood vessels, 'A' and 'B'.