Biology
Given below is a simple diagram of the longitudinal section of a human kidney. Study the same and answer the following questions:
(a) Name the part of kidney which is found between medulla and pelvis.
(b) What is the basic structural and functional unit of kidney ?
(c) What is main function of kidney ?
(d) Mention the exact location of kidney.
(e) Write two differences in the composition of blood flowing through blood vessels A and B.
(f) Name the part of kidney which collects urine for the first time from the nephrons.
(g) Define 'Osmoregulation'.
(h) Name the technique which is normally suggested by the doctors to the patients in case of a permanent damage to both the kidneys.
(i) Name the hormone which is associated with the 'reabsorption' step of urine production.
(j) Draw a neat and labelled diagram of a malpighian capsule.
Excretory System
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Answer
(a) Conical or Renal pyramids
(b) Nephron
(c) Purification of blood by extracting nitrogenous waste from the blood.
(d) Kidneys are located on either side of the backbone and protected by last two ribs.
(e) Two differences in the composition of blood flowing through blood vessels A and B:
| S. No. | Blood vessel A | Blood vessel B |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | It is renal artery. It contains oxygen rich blood. | It is renal vein. It contains deoxygenated blood. |
| 2. | Blood has wastes. | Blood is purified. |
(f) Collecting Duct
(g) The regulation of osmotic pressure of the blood by regulating its composition (water and electrolyte) is called osmoregulation.
(h) Dialysis
(i) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
(j) The labelled diagram of a malpighian capsule is shown below:
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Why does the medulla of kidneys shows a 'striped' appearance ?
Given alongside is the figure of certain organs and associated parts in the human body. Study the same and answer the questions that follow:
(a) Name all the organ-systems shown completely or even partially.
(b) Name the parts numbered 1 to 5.
(c) Name the structural and functional unit of the part marked '1'.
(d) Name the two main organic constituents of the fluid that flows down the part labelled '3'.
(e) Name the two major steps involved in the formation of the fluid that passes down the part labelled '3'.
The figure given below represents a kidney tubule in humans and its blood supply. Study the figure and answer the questions that follow. Write specific name and numbers shown in the diagram for each answer.
(a) Name the part which consists of a knot-like mass of blood capillaries.
(b) What is the specific name for the combination of parts shown as 5 and 3?
(c) Name the part which collects the glomerular filtrate.
(d) Where is the most water reabsorbed?
(e) Name the part which collects urine in the diagram shown.
(f) Which part lies in the medulla of the kidney?
(g) Which of the above parts is involved in the process of tubular secretion?
(h) How is hydrostatic pressure created?
(i) Where does ultrafiltration take place?
(j) Name two important constituents of urine.