Northern India is enveloped in smog in the month of November. List the causes for the same.

Northern India is enveloped in smog in the month of November because of the following causes:

1. Crop Residue Burning — In Punjab and Haryana, farmers often burn crop residues after harvesting to prepare the fields for the next crop. This releases a significant amount of smoke and particulate matter into the air.
2. Stubble Burning — The burning of leftover crop residue in the fields is a common practice after rice harvesting and contributes to the smog problem in northern India.
3. Diwali Celebrations — Diwali is celebrated with fireworks and firecrackers, which releases a large amount of pollutants, including particulate matter and toxic chemicals into the atmosphere.
4. Industrial Emissions — The industrial activities and factories in the region release pollutants like sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter into the air, contributing to the smog formation.
5. Vehicular Emissions — The high number of vehicles in the region contribute to air pollution through exhaust emissions.