Give equations for the conversions of – Methane, Ethane:

Methane to	Ethane to
(a) Carbon tetrachloride	(a) Hexachloro ethane	by - Substitution [diffused sunlight]
(b) Carbon dioxide	(b) Carbon dioxide	by - Oxidation - Complete
(c) Methanol to Methanal to Methanoic acid	Ethanol to Ethanal to Ethanoic acid	by - Oxidation (i) catalytic using - catalyst copper [Cu] (ii) Controlled using acidified K2Cr2O7
(d) Methnal	Ethanal	by- Oxidation - Catalytic - using catalyst MoO
(e) Ethyne	Ethene	by - Pyrolysis [dehydrogenation]

(a) Conversion of Methane to Carbon tetrachloride by substitution [diffused sunlight]:

$\underset{\text{ methane} }{\text{CH}$4} + 4\text{Cl}2 \xrightarrow[\Delta]{\text{diffused sunlight}} \underset{\text{Carbon tetrachloride}}{\text{CCl}_4} + 4\text{HCl}

(b) Conversion of Methane to Carbon dioxide by complete oxidation:

$\underset{\text{ methane} }{\text{CH}$4} + 2\text{O}2\text{[excess]} \longrightarrow \text{CO}2 + 2\text{H}2\text{O} + \Delta

(c)(i) Conversion of Methane to Methanol to Methanal to Methanoic acid by catalytic oxidation using catalyst copper [Cu]:

$\underset{\text{ methane}}{2\text{CH}$4} + \text{O}2 \xrightarrow[200 \text{\degree C}]{\text{Cu tube}} \underset{\text{methanol}}{2\text{CH}3\text{OH}} \\[1em] \underset{\text{methanol}}{2\text{CH}3\text{OH}} + \text{O}2 \xrightarrow[\text{catalyst}]{\text{Cu}} \underset{\text{methanal} }{\text{2HCHO}} + 2\text{H}2\text{O} \\[1em] \underset{\text{methanal} }{\text{2HCHO}} + \text{O}_2 \xrightarrow[\text{catalyst}]{\text{Cu}} \underset{\text{methanoic acid} }{\text{2H-COOH}}

(c)(ii) Conversion of Methane to Methanol to Methanal to Methanoic acid by controlled slow oxidation using acidified K₂Cr₂O₇:

$\underset{\text{ Methane} }{\text{CH}$4} \xrightarrow[\text{K}2\text{Cr}2\text{O}7]{\text{[O]}} \underset{\text{ methanol}}{\text{CH}3\text{OH}} \xrightarrow[\text{K}2\text{Cr}2\text{O}7]{\text{[O]}} \underset{\text { methanal}}{\text{HCHO}} \xrightarrow[\text{K}2\text{Cr}2\text{O}_7]{\text{[O]}} \underset{\text{methanoic acid} }{\text{HCOOH}}

(d) Conversion of Methane to Methanal by catalytic oxidation using catalyst MoO:

$\underset{\text{ methane}}{\text{CH}$4} + \text{O}2 \xrightarrow[350 - 500 \text{\degree C}]{\text{MoO}} \underset{\text{methanal} }{\text{HCHO}} + \text{H}_2\text{O}

(e) Conversion of Methane to Ethyne by Pyrolysis [dehydrogenation]:

$\underset{\text{ methane}}{2\text{CH}$4} \xrightarrow{1500 \degree \text{C}} \underset{\text{ethyne} }{\text{C}2\text{H}2} + 3\text{H}2

(a) Conversion of Ethane to Hexachloro ethane by substitution [diffused sunlight]:

$\underset{\text{ ethane} }{\text{C}$2\text{H}6} + \text{Cl}2 \underset{\Delta}{\xrightarrow{\text{diffused sunlight}}} \underset{\text{monochloroethane}}{\text{C}2\text{H}_5\text{Cl}}+ \text{HCl}

$\underset{\text{monochloroethane} }{\text{C}$2\text{H}5\text{Cl}} + \underset{\text{[excess]}}{\text{Cl}2} \longrightarrow \underset{\text{dichloroethane}}{\text{C}2\text{H}4\text{Cl}2}+ \text{HCl}

$\underset{\text{dichloroethane}}{\text{C}$2\text{H}4\text{Cl}2} + \text{Cl}2 \longrightarrow \underset{\text{trichloroethane}}{\text{C}2\text{H}3\text{Cl}_3}+ \text{HCl}

$\underset{\text{trichloroethane}}{\text{C}$2\text{H}3\text{Cl}3} + \text{Cl}2 \longrightarrow \underset{\text{tetrachloroethane}}{\text{C}2\text{H}2\text{Cl}_4}+ \text{HCl}

$\underset{\text{tetrachloroethane}}{\text{C}$2\text{H}2\text{Cl}4} + \text{Cl}2 \longrightarrow \underset{\text{pentachloroethane}}{\text{C}2\text{H}\text{Cl}5}+ \text{HCl}

$\underset{\text{pentachloroethane}}{\text{C}$2\text{H}\text{Cl}5} + \text{Cl}2 \longrightarrow \underset{\text{hexachloroethane}}{\text{C}2\text{Cl}_6}+ \text{HCl}

(b) Conversion of Ethane to Carbon dioxide by complete oxidation:

$\underset{\text{ ethane}}{2\text{C}$2\text{H}6} + 7\text{O}2\text{[excess]} \longrightarrow \text{4CO}2 + 6\text{H}_2\text{O} + \Delta

(c)(i) Conversion of Ethane to Ethanol to Ethanal to Ethanoic acid by catalytic oxidation using catalyst copper [Cu]:

$\underset{\text{ ethane}}{2\text{C}$2\text{H}6} + \text{O}2 \xrightarrow[200 \text{\degree C}]{\text{Cu tube}} \underset{\text{ethanol}}{2\text{C}2\text{H}5\text{OH}} \\[1em] \underset{\text{ethanol}}{2\text{C}2\text{H}5\text{OH}} + \text{O}2 \xrightarrow[\text{catalyst}]{\text{Cu}} \underset{\text{ethanal}}{2\text{CH}3\text{CHO}} + 2\text{H}2\text{O} \\[1em] \underset{\text{ethanal}}{2\text{CH}3\text{CHO}} + \text{O}2 \xrightarrow[\text{catalyst}]{\text{Cu}} \underset{ \text{ethanoic acid} }{2\text{CH}_3\text{COOH}}

(c)(ii) Conversion of Ethane to Ethanol to Ethanal to Ethanoic acid by controlled slow oxidation using acidified K₂Cr₂O₇:

$\underset{\text{ Ethane} }{\text{C}$2\text{H}6} \xrightarrow[\text{K}2\text{Cr}2\text{O}7]{\text{[O]}} \underset{ \text{ethanol}}{\text{C}2\text{H}5\text{OH}} \xrightarrow[\text{K}2\text{Cr}2\text{O}7]{\text{[O]}} \underset{\text{ethanal}}{\text{CH}3\text{CHO}} \xrightarrow[\text{K}2\text{Cr}2\text{O}7]{\text{[O]}} \underset{\text{ethanoic acid}}{\text{CH}_3\text{COOH}}

(d) Conversion of Ethane to Ethanal by catalytic oxidation using catalyst MoO:

$\underset{\text{ ethane}}{\text{C}$2\text{H}6} + \text{O}2 \xrightarrow[350 - 500 \text{\degree C}]{\text{MoO}} \underset{\text{ethanal} }{\text{CH}3\text{CHO}} + \text{H}_2\text{O}

(e) Conversion of Ethane to Ethene by Pyrolysis [dehydrogenation]:

$\underset{\text{ ethane}}{\text{C}$2\text{H}6} \xrightarrow[\text{catalyst [Al}2\text{O}3\text{]}]{500 \degree \text{C}} \underset{\text{ethene}}{\text{C}2\text{H}4} + \text{H}_2