Assertion (A): An argument is a value that is passed to a method when it is called.

Reason (R): Variables which are declared in a method prototype to receive values are called actual parameters

1. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is a correct explanation of Assertion (A)
2. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not a correct explanation of Assertion(A)
3. Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false
4. Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is true

State a difference between call by value and call by reference.

Parameters that are passed to the called method during the method call are termed as …………… parameters.

Consider the following program segment and answer the questions below:

class calculate

{
  int a; double b; 
  calculate()

  {

  a=0; 
  b=0.0;

  }

  calculate(int x, double y)

  {

  a=x;
  b=y;

  }

void sum()

{

  System.out.println(a*b);

}}

Name the type of constructors used in the above program segment?