Chemistry
Explain with the help of :
(i) an ionic equation
(ii) electron dot structural diagram
the formation of the following :
(a) Sodium chloride
(b) Calcium oxide
(c) Magnesium chloride.
(at. nos. Na = 11, Cl = 17, Ca = 20, O = 8, Mg = 12)
Answer
(a) Sodium Chloride :
Ionic equation
Na - 1e- ⟶ Na1+ [oxidation]
[atom] [cation]
[2,8,1] [2,8]
Cl + 1e- ⟶ Cl1- [reduction]
[atom] [anion]
[2,8,7] [2,8,8]
Na + Cl ⟶ Na1+ Cl1- ⟶ NaCl
Electron dot structural diagram
(b) Calcium Oxide
Ionic Equation
Ca - 2e- ⟶ Ca2+ [oxidation]
[atom] [cation]
[2,8,8,2] [2,8,8]
O + 2e- ⟶ O2- [reduction]
[atom] [anion]
[2,6] [2,8]
Ca + O ⟶ Ca2+O2- ⟶ CaO
Electron dot structural diagram
(c) Magnesium chloride.
Ionic Equation
Mg - 2e- ⟶ Mg2+ [oxidation]
[atom] [cation]
[2,8,2] [2,8]
2Cl + 2e- ⟶ 2Cl- [reduction]
[atom] [anion]
[2,8,7] [2,8,8]
Mg + 2Cl ⟶ Mg2+2Cl- ⟶ MgCl2
Electron dot structural diagram
Related Questions
State which of the following are oxidation reactions and which are reduction reactions.
(a) (i) Cu ⟶ Cu2+ + 2e-
(ii) Cu2+ + 2e- ⟶ Cu
(iii) Sn4+ + 2e- ⟶ Sn2+
(iv) 2Cl- ⟶ Cl2 + 2e-
(v) Fe2+ ⟶ Fe3+ + 1e-
(vi) X + 2e- ⟶ X2-
(vii) Y - 1e- ⟶ Y1+
(viii) Z3+ + 1e- ⟶ Z2+
(b) (i) Zn ⟶ Zn2+
(ii) S ⟶ S2-
(iii) Sn2+ ⟶ Sn
(iv) Fe2+ ⟶ Fe3+
Fill in the blanks with appropriate word/s from the brackets :
Covalent compounds are formed by sharing electron pairs between non-metallic atoms. Non-metallic atoms having …………… , …………… , …………… valence electrons (4, 5, 6, 7) share one, two or three pairs of electrons respectively.
Explain the terms 'oxidation' and reduction' with reference to an atom or ion.
Fill in the blanks with appropriate word/s from the brackets :
NaCl an electrovalent compound is formed as a result of transfer of …………… (one, two, three) valence electrons from metallic sodium to non-metallic chlorine atom. CaO is similarly formed as a result of transfer of …………… (one, two, three) valence electron/s from metallic calcium to non-metallic oxygen and magnesium chloride by transfer of …………… (one, two, three) valence electron/s from …………… (one, two) magnesium atom/s to …………… (one, two) chlorine atom/s.