Chemistry

Differentiate between (i) strong and weak acid (ii) strong and weak alkali with suitable examples and ionic equations.

Acids Bases Salts

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Answer

(i) Differences between strong and weak acid are as follows :

Strong AcidWeak Acid
Strong Acid is an acid which dissociates almost completely in aqueous solution there by producing a high concentration of hydrogen [H+] ions [or H3O+ ions]Weak Acid is an acid which dissociates only partially in aqueous solution thereby producing a low concentration of hydrogen [H+] ions [or H3O+ ions].
HNO3 + H2O ⇌ H3O+ + NO3- [contains almost only ions]CH3COOH ⇌ CH3COO- + H+ [contains molecules and ions]
Examples : Hydrochloric, Sulphuric and Nitric acid.Examples : Acetic, citric, carbonic, and formic acid.

(ii) Differences between strong alkali and and weak alkali are as follows :

Strong alkaliWeak Alkali
Strong Alkali is an alkali which dissociates almost completely in aqueous solution thereby producing a high concentration of hydroxyl [OH-] ions.Weak Alkali is an alkali which dissociates only partially in aqueous solution thereby producing a low concentration of hydroxyl [OH-] ions.
NaOH [aq.] ⇌ Na+ + OH- [contains almost only ions]NH4OH [aq.] ⇌ NH4+ + OH- [contains molecules and ions]
Examples : Lithium, Sodium and Potassium hydroxideExamples : Ammonium hydroxide and Calcium hydroxide.

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