User-Defined Methods

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1

A method that does not return a value has a ........... return type.

1. double
2. class
3. float
4. void ✓

Question 2

A method can return ...........

1. any number of values
2. 2 values
3. only 1 value ✓
4. 3 values

Question 3

If a method returns a value, then it must be ...........

1. of the same data type as defined in its prototype ✓
2. void type
3. double type
4. boolean type

Question 4

Parameters in the method definition are called ...........

1. actual parameters
2. formal parameters ✓
3. informal parameters
4. void parameters

Question 5

The parameters that are passed to the method when it is invoked are called ...........

1. formal parameters
2. actual parameters ✓
3. informal parameters
4. void parameters

Question 6

The method that changes the state of an object is known as ...........

1. pure method
2. impure method ✓
3. perfect method
4. imperfect method

Question 7

The scope of a local variable is limited to the ...........

1. Windows
2. Multiple programs
3. Class
4. Method or block it is declared in ✓

Question 8

The technique in which the change in the formal parameter gets reflected in the actual parameter is known as ...........

1. call by reference ✓
2. call by value
3. call by argument
4. call by method

Question 9

In which technique are the values of actual parameters copied to the formal parameters?

1. call by reference
2. call by value ✓
3. call by argument
4. call by method

Question 10

A method with many definitions is known as ...........

1. many method
2. multiple method
3. void method
4. overloaded method ✓

State whether the given statements are True or False

Question 1

A method may contain any number of return statements.
True

Question 2

The non-static methods need an instance to be called.
True

Question 3

A method can return more than one value.
False

Question 4

Methods defined as void must return a value.
False

Question 5

The static methods need an instance to be called.
False

Question 6

In Java, all primitive types are passed by value and all reference types are passed by reference.
True

Question 7

You can place the return statement in a void method without any expression.
True

Question 8

If a method returns a value, then it must be of the same data type as defined in the method prototype.
True

Question 9

Parameters in the method definition are called dummy parameters.
True

Question 10

Methods reside in a class in Java.
True

Question 11

Method overloading is one of the ways by which Java implements polymorphism.
True

Question 12

The scope of a local variable is limited to the method or the block it is declared in.
True

Question 13

The keyword static makes a method a class method.
True

Question 14

An impure method always returns the same value when the same arguments are given.
False

Assignment Questions

Question 1

What is a method? Explain the various parts of a method.

Answer

A method is a named block of code within a class. It executes a defined set of instructions when called from another part of the program. The different parts of the method are access-modifier, type, method-name, parameter-list and method-body.

Question 2

What is a method signature?

Answer

The method name along with the list of parameters used in the method prototype is known as method signature.

Question 3

How do you define and invoke a method?

Answer

The syntax of a method definition is:

[access-modifier] type method-name (parameter-list)
{
    method-body;
}

To invoke a method, write the name of the method and specify the value of arguments of its parameter list. Below example shows the definition and invocation of a method:

public class DisplayMessageDemo {

    public void DisplayMessage() {
        System.out.println("Hello World!");
    }

    public void MyMessage() {
        DisplayMessage();
    }
}

Question 4

What does the return statement do in a method?

Answer

Return statement sends back the value given to it from the called method to the caller method. It also transfers the program control back to the caller method from the called method.

Question 5

What does void signify in the method prototype?

Answer

void in method prototype means that the method does not return any value.

Question 6

Explain the difference between actual and formal parameters.

Answer

The parameters that appear in the method definition are called formal or dummy parameters whereas the parameters that appear in the method call are called actual parameters.

Question 7

Explain static and non-static methods.

Answer

Static methods are created with static keyword in their method prototype as shown below:

public static return-type method-name(parameter-list)
{
    Method-body
}

Static methods can be called directly using class name but they can't access instance variables and non-static methods of the class.

The non-static methods are created without the static keyword in their method prototype as shown below:

public return-type method-name(parameter-list)
{
    Method-body
}

An instance of the class is required to call non-static methods.

Question 8

What happens when an argument is passed by reference?

Answer

In pass by reference, the reference of the actual parameter is passed to the formal parameter. Both actual parameter and formal parameter represent the same memory location so any changes made to the formal parameters get reflected in the actual parameters.

Question 9

When a method has been declared more than once in a class, how does Java determine the overloading?

Answer

Overloading is determined based on the number and type of parameters of the method.

Question 10

What is an ambiguous invocation? Give an example.

Answer

Sometimes there are two or more possible matches in the invocation of an overloaded method. In such cases, the compiler cannot determine the most specific match. This is referred to as ambiguous invocation. It causes a compile time error. For example, the below program will cause a compile time error due to ambiguous invocation:

public class AmbiguousDemo {

    public static double max(double num1, int num2) {
        if (num1 > num2)
            return num1;
        else
            return num2;
    }

    public static double max(int num1, double num2) {
        if (num1 > num2)
            return num1;
        else
            return num2;
    }

    public static void main(String args[]) {
        /*
         * This line will cause a compile time error
         * as reference to max is ambiguous
         */
        System.out.println(max(19, 20));
    }
}

Question 11

Given below are the two method definitions:

1. public static double Check(double x, double y)
2. public static double Check(int x, double y)

Which of the two methods is invoked for the following?

1. double z = Check (6, 5);
2. double z = Check (5.5, 7.4);

Answer

1. double z = Check (6, 5); invokes public static double Check(int x, double y)
2. double z = Check (5.5, 7.4); invokes public static double Check(double x, double y)

Question 12

What is the signature of the following method heading?

public void CoolMethod(int xx, char yy, int zz)

Answer

Signature of this method is:

CoolMethod(int xx, char yy, int zz)

Question 13

Which OOP principle implements function (method) overloading?

Answer

Polymorphism

Question 14

A palindromic prime is a prime number and also palindromic. For example, 131, 313, and 757 are prime numbers and also palindromic prime numbers. Write a program that displays the first 100 palindromic prime numbers.

Answer

public class KboatPalindromicPrime
{
    public static boolean isPrime(int n) {
        int c = 0;
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
            if (n % i == 0) {
                c++;
            }
        }
        
        boolean prime = c == 2;
        return prime;
    }

    public static boolean isPalindrome(int n) {
        int num = n, revNum = 0;
        while (num != 0) {
            int digit = num % 10;
            num /= 10;
            revNum = revNum * 10 + digit;
        }

        boolean palin = revNum == n;
        return palin;
    }

    public static void main(String args[]) {
        int x = 1, count = 0;
        while (count < 100) {
            if (isPrime(x) && isPalindrome(x)) {
                count++;
                System.out.println(x);
            }
            x++;
        }
    }
}

Output

Question 15

Differentiate between the following:

1. Call by value and Call by reference

Answer

2. Pure and Impure methods

Answer

3. Simple Method and Overloaded method

Answer

Video Explanations