Chapter 1: Revising Basic Java Concepts

Objective Type Questions

Question 1

Java uses ............... character set.

Answer

Java uses Unicode character set.

Question 2

Smallest individual unit in a program is called ............... .

Answer

Smallest individual unit in a program is called token.

Question 3

Which of the following is not a token ?

keywords
identifiers
statement
operators

Answer

statement

Reason — Smallest individual unit in a program is called a token and a statement is composed of many tokens like keywords, identifiers, operators, constants etc.

Question 4

Identify the illegal identifier from the following.

_CHK
αβγτ
20_to_50
A_to_Z

Answer

20_to_50

Reason — An identifier must not begin with a digit. It may contain underscore.

Question 5

Which of the following does not represent a character literal ?

'a'
'1'
'\a'
"a"

Answer

"a"

Reason — Since a is enclosed in double quotes (" "), it becomes a String literal. Character literals are always enclosed within single quotes (' ').

Question 6

Which keyword turns a variable declaration into constant declaration ?

const
constant
final
fixed

Answer

final

Reason — Keyword final creates a named constant.

Question 7

ch += 2 is equivalent to

ch = ch + 2
ch + 2
ch =+ 2
none of the above

Answer

ch = ch + 2

Reason — += is a shorthand operator. The operator pair += tells the compiler to assign to ch the value of ch + 2.

Question 8

The Math class is part of which Java library package.

java.util
java.io
java.random
java.lang

Answer

java.lang

Reason — The Math class is part of java.lang package.

Question 9

Which clause is optional in a switch statement?

switch
case
default
none of the above

Answer

default

Reason — The default clause is optional and, if it is missing, no action takes place if all matches fail.

Question 10

Absence of which statement causes a fall-through in a switch statement.

continue
break
stop
fall

Answer

break

Reason — In the absence of break statement, the control flows to the next case below the matching case leading to fall-through.

Question 11

By default, the if-part and else-part of an if statement can contain these many statements in it.

2
1
5
as many

Answer

Reason — By default, the if-part and else-part can contain only one statement. To include more than one statements, the set of statements need to be enclosed in curly braces and included as one compound statement.

Question 12

Which of the following loops is mostly used for fixed number of iterations ?

for
do-while
while
none of the above

Answer

for

Reason — for loop is usually used when the number of iterations are fixed.

Question 13

Which of the following is not an entry controlled loop ?

for
do-while
while
none of the above

Answer

do-while

Reason — do-while is an exit controlled loop as it executes atleast once even when the condition is false.

Question 14

Which of the following is an exit controlled loop?

for
do-while
while
none of the above

Answer

do-while

Reason — do-while is an exit controlled loop as it executes atleast once even when the condition is false. The condition is checked at the time of exit.

Question 15

Which of the following statements terminates the complete execution of a loop ?

break
continue
terminate
System.exit(0)

Answer

break

Reason — break statement is used to terminate the complete execution of a loop.

Assignment Questions

Question 1

What is meant by token? Name the tokens available in Java.

Answer

The smallest individual unit in a program is called a token.

Keywords, identifiers, literals, operators and punctuators are tokens available in Java.

Question 2

What are keywords ? Can keywords be used as identifiers ?

Answer

Keywords are the words with special meaning associated with them. These are reserved for special purpose and must not be used as normal identifier names. Some keywords of Java are default, return, if, private etc.

No, keywords cannot be used as identifiers.

Question 3

What is an identifier ? What is the identifier forming rule(s) of Java?

Answer

Identifiers are the names given by the programmer to various program units of Java. Identifiers are the names of variables, methods, classes, packages and interfaces etc.

Identifier forming rules of Java state the following:

Identifiers can have alphabets, digits, _ (underscore) and $\text{\textdollar}$ characters and can be of any length.
They must not be a keyword or Boolean literal or null literal.
They must not begin with a digit.
Java is case sensitive i.e., upper-case letters and lower-case letters are treated differently.

Question 4

What kind of program elements are the following ?

13, 'a', 4.38925, "a", main( )

Answer

13	Integer Literal
'a'	Character Literal
4.38925	Floating point Literal
"a"	String Literal
main( )	Method

Question 5

What kind of constants are the following ?

14, 011, 0X2A, 17, 014, 0XBC1

Answer

14	Decimal Integer Literal
011	Octal Integer Literal
0X2A	Hexadecimal Integer Literal
17	Decimal Integer Literal
014	Octal Integer Literal
0XBC1	Hexadecimal Integer Literal

Question 6

What is a character constant in Java ? How are non graphic characters represented in Java ?

Answer

Single character enclosed in single quotation marks (' ') makes a character literal. For example, 'a', '5', $\text{\textdollar}$ , '1' are character literals.

Non-graphic characters are represented in Java using escape sequence. An escape sequence is represented by a backslash (\) followed by one or more characters. For example, '\n', '\t' are escape sequences for new line and tab respectively.

Question 7(a)

Write an equivalent Java expression for the following expressions:

$\text{ut} + \dfrac{1}{2}\text{ft}^2$

Answer

u * t + (1.0 / 2.0) * f * t * t

Question 7(b)

Write an equivalent Java expression for the following expressions:

$\sqrt{\text{a}^2 + \text{b}^2}$

Answer

Math.sqrt(Math.pow(a,2) + Math.pow(b,2))

Question 7(c)

Write an equivalent Java expression for the following expressions:

a^b + b >= b^a + a

Answer

Math.pow(a, b) + b >= Math.pow(b, a) + a

Question 7(d)

Write an equivalent Java expression for the following expressions:

$\Big(\dfrac{3x + 5y}{5x + 3y} - \dfrac{8xy}{2yx}\Big)^{3/2}$

Answer

Math.pow(((3 * x + 5 * y) / (5 * x + 3 * y)) - ((8 * x * y) / (2 * y * x)), 3.0 / 2)

Question 8

What is meant by implicit and explicit type conversion ?

Answer

In an implicit conversion, the result of a mixed mode expression is obtained in the higher most data type of the variables without any intervention by the user. For example:

int a = 10;
float b = 25.5f, c;
c = a + b;

In case of explicit type conversion, the data gets converted to a type as specified by the programmer. For example:

int a = 10;
double b = 25.5;
float c = (float)(a + b);

Question 9

What do you mean by type casting? What is type cast operator in Java?

Answer

The explicit conversion of an operand to a specific type is called Type Casting.

Type Casting in Java is done using the type cast operator. It is a unary operator. It's syntax is:

(<target datatype>) <value>

For example :

int a = 10;
double b = 25.5;
float c = (float)(a + b);

Question 10

What will be the resultant type of the following expression if bh represents a byte variable, i is an int variable, fl is a float variable and db is a double variable ?

bh - i + db / fl - i * fl + db / i

Answer

The resultant data type will be double.

Explanation

bh - i + db / fl - i * fl + db / i
⇒ byte - int + double / float - int * float + double / int
⇒ byte - int + double - float + double
⇒ int + double - float + double
⇒ double - float + double
⇒ double + double
⇒ double

Question 11

What will be the resultant type of the following expression if fl is a float variable and db is a double variable?

(int) (fl + db)

Answer

The resultant data type will be int.

Explanation

Here, the programmer is performing an explicit type conversion to int using the type cast operator. Hence, the resultant data type will be int.

Question 12

Determine the data type of the expression

$\Big(\dfrac{100(1 - pq)}{(q + r)}\Big) - \Big(\dfrac{(p + r) / s}{(\text{long})(s + p)}\Big)$

If p is an int, r is a float, q is a long and s is double.

Answer

The result of the given expression will be double type.

Explanation

$\Big(\dfrac{\text{int} * (\text{int} - \text{int} * \text{long})}{\text{(\text{long} + \text{float})}}\Big) - \Big(\dfrac{(\text{int} + \text{float}) / \text{double}}{(\text{long})(\text{double} + \text{int})}\Big) \\[1em] \Rightarrow \Big(\dfrac{\text{int} * (\text{int} - \text{long})}{\text{float}}\Big) - \Big(\dfrac{\text{float} / \text{double}}{\text{long}}\Big) \\[1em] \Rightarrow \Big(\dfrac{\text{int} * \text{int}}{\text{float}}\Big) - \Big(\dfrac{\text{double}}{\text{long}}\Big) \\[1em] \Rightarrow \text{float} - \text{double} \\[1em] \Rightarrow \text{double}$

Question 13

Determine the data type of the expression

$\Big(\dfrac{2x + 3y}{5w + 6z} + \dfrac{8p}{5q}\Big)^4$

if x is int, y is long, w is float, z is double, p is short and q is long double.

Answer

The result will be of long double data type.

Explanation

$\Big(\dfrac{\text{int} + \text{long}}{\text{float} + \text{double}} + \dfrac{\text{short}}{\text{long double}}\Big)^4 \\[1em] \Rightarrow \Big(\dfrac{\text{long}}{\text{double}} + \dfrac{\text{short}}{\text{long double}}\Big)^4 \\[1em] \Rightarrow \Big(\text{double} + \text{long double}\Big)^4 \\[1em] \Rightarrow \text{long double}$

Question 14(a)

State the value and type of each expression.

Math.abs(-5) - Math.abs(-7)

Answer

The output value is -2. The type of expression is int.

Explanation

Math.abs(-5) - Math.abs(-7)
⇒ 5 - 7
⇒ -2

Question 14(b)

State the value and type of each expression.

Math.abs(-1e-1) +  Math.abs(-2e-2)

Answer

The output value is 0.12. The type of expression is double.

Explanation

Math.abs(-1e-1) + Math.abs(-2e-2)
⇒ 0.1 + 0.02
⇒ 0.12

Question 14(c)

State the value and type of each expression.

Math.sqrt(0.0064)

Answer

The output value is 0.08. The type of expression is double.

Explanation

Math.sqrt() method returns the square root of its argument. As square root of 0.0064 is 0.08 hence that is the output. The return type of Math.sqrt() is double so the type of expression is double.

Question 14(d)

State the value and type of each expression.

Math.sqrt(Math.pow(2.7, 2))

Answer

The output value is 2.7. The type of expression is double.

Explanation

Math.pow(2.7, 2) will calculate square of 2.7 as we are raising it to the power 2. After this, calculating square root with Math.sqrt() will return the same number 2.7. The return type of Math.sqrt() is double so the type of expression is double.

Question 14(e)

State the value and type of each expression.

Math.round(3.499)

Answer

The output value is 3. The type of expression is long.

Explanation

Math.round() rounds off its argument to the nearest mathematical integer. If argument is float, return type is int, if argument is double, return type is long. In this case, 3.499 will be treated as double because suffix 'f' is not there. Hence, it will return a value of long data type.

Question 14(f)

State the value and type of each expression.

Math.max(1.5e-2, 0.095)

Answer

The output value is 0.095. The type of expression is double.

Explanation

Math.max(a, b) returns the maximum of a and b. As 0.095 is greater than 1.5e-2, hence, 0.095 is the output. Since the argument is double so the data type of return value is also double.

Question 14(g)

State the value and type of each expression.

Math.ceil(4.002)

Answer

The output value is 5.0. The type of expression is double.

Explanation

Math.ceil(x) returns the smallest double value that is greater than or equal to the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer. Hence, output is 5.0 and data type of result is double.

Question 14(h)

State the value and type of each expression.

Math.min(-5, 1.0)

Answer

The output value is -5.0. The type of expression is double.

Explanation

Math.min(a, b) returns the minimum of a and b. As one of the arguments is of double type hence, data type of return value is also double.

Question 14(i)

State the value and type of each expression.

Math.floor(7.99)

Answer

The output value is 7.0. The type of expression is double.

Explanation

Math.floor( ) returns the largest double value that is less than or equal to the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer. Hence, output is 7.0 and data type of result is double.

Question 14(j)

State the value and type of each expression.

Math.ceil(-2.73)

Answer

The output value is -2.0. The type of expression is double.

Explanation

Math.ceil( ) returns the smallest double value that is greater than or equal to the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer. -2.0 is the smallest mathematical integer greater than -2.73. Hence, output is -2.0 and data type of result is double.

Question 14(k)

State the value and type of each expression.

Math.pow(16, 0.25)

Answer

The output value is 2.0. The type of expression is double.

Explanation

Math.pow(x, y) returns x raised to the power of y as a double value. Math.pow(16, 0.25) is equivalent to $\sqrt[4]{16}$ . Hence, output is 2.0 and data type of result is double.

Question 14(l)

State the value and type of each expression.

Math.pow(4, -2)

Answer

The output value is 0.0625. The type of expression is double.

Explanation

Math.pow(x, y) returns x raised to the power of y as a double value. Math.pow(4, -2) is equivalent to 4^-2 i.e., $\dfrac{1}{4^2}$ = 0.0625. Hence, output is 0.0625 and data type of result is double.

Question 14(m)

State the value and type of each expression.

Math.round(1.49 + 0.1)

Answer

The output value is 2. The type of expression is long.

Explanation

Math.round() rounds off its argument to the nearest mathematical integer. If argument is float, return type is int, if argument is double, return type is long. In this case, 1.49 + 0.1 = 1.59 so it will be rounded of to 2, the nearest mathematical integer. 1.59 will be treated as double because suffix 'f' is not there. Hence, it will return a value of long data type.

Question 14(n)

State the value and type of each expression.

Math.round(1.49) + 0.1

Answer

The output value is 1.1. The type of expression is long.

Explanation

Math.round() rounds off its argument to the nearest mathematical integer.

Math.round(1.49) + 0.1
⇒ 1 + 0.1
⇒ 1.1

If argument is float, return type is int, if argument is double, return type is long. In this case, 1.49 will be treated as double because suffix 'f' is not there. Hence, it will return a value of long data type.

Question 15(a)

Write the following as Java expressions.

$\sqrt{\text{a}^2 - \text{b}^2}$

Answer

Math.sqrt(Math.pow(a,2) - Math.pow(b,2))

Question 15(b)

Write the following as Java expressions.

π(x⁶ - y⁶)

Answer

Math.PI * (Math.pow(x,6) - Math.pow(y,6))

Question 15(c)

Write the following as Java expressions.

$\dfrac{4}{3} \pi r^3$

Answer

4.0 / 3.0 * Math.PI * Math.pow(r,3)

Question 15(d)

Write the following as Java expressions.

| z⁴ - 1 |

Answer

Math.abs(Math.pow(z,4) - 1)

Question 16

A student incorrectly attempted to produce a random value in the range 1.6 using the expression.

6*(int)Math.random( ) + 1

Correct the error in expression above to get the desired result.

Answer

The correct expression to get the desired result is given below:

(int)(6 * Math.random( )) + 1

Explanation

The formula to get an integer number between 1 and n is:

int r = (int) (n * Math.random()) + 1

Question 17

What is the significance of a break statement in a switch statement ?

Answer

The break statement when used inside a switch, ends that case and proceeds to the first statement that follows switch statement. In case, the break statement is missing, the control flows to the next case below the matching case and continues to execute all the cases, till the end of switch statement. This is called fall through.

Question 18

What are iteration statements ? Name the iteration statements provided by Java.

Answer

The iterative constructs or iteration statements allow a set of instructions to be performed repeatedly until a certain condition is fulfilled. The iteration statements are also called loops or looping statements.

Java provides three iteration statements:

for
while
do-while

Question 19

What is meant by an entry-controlled loop? Which Java loops are entry-controlled?

Answer

The loop which tests the condition before entering the loop is called entry-controlled loop. It does not execute if the condition is false.

for and while are entry controlled loops in Java.

Question 20

What is meant by an exit-controlled loop ? Which Java loops are exit-controlled ?

Answer

If a loop tests the condition at the time of exit from the loop, it is called exit-controlled loop. This loop executes at least once even if the condition is false.

do-while loop is an exit controlled loop in Java.

Question 21

What is the difference between a while and do-while loop ?

Answer

while loop	do-while loop
while is an entry-controlled loop.	do-while is an exit-controlled loop.
while loop checks the test condition at the beginning of the loop.	do-while loop checks the test condition at the end of the loop.
while loop executes only if the test condition is true.	do-while loop executes at least once, even if the test condition is false.
while loop is helpful in situations where number of iterations is not known.	do-while loop is suitable when we need to display a menu to the user.
Syntax: while(test condition) { ... }	Syntax: do { ... }while(condition);

Question 22

How many times is the loop body executed in a do loop, even if the test-condition is false ?

Answer

do-while loop is an exit controlled loop. Thus, its body is executed atleast once even if the test-condition is false.

Question 23

What is nested loop ?

Answer

A loop may contain another loop in its body. This form of a loop is called nested loop. In a nested loop, the inner loop must terminate before the outer loop.

For example:

for(int i = 0; i < 5; i ++) {
    for(int j = 0; j < i; j++)  {
        System.out.print(j + ' ');
    }
    System.out.println();
}

Question 24

Write a program to print pattern like :

Answer

public class KboatPattern
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
            for (int j = 4; j >= i; j--)
                System.out.print(" ");
            for (int k = i; k >= 1; k--)
                System.out.print(k);
            System.out.println();
        }
    }
}

Output

Question 25

Write a program to print a pattern as :

Answer

public class KboatPattern
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        for (int i = 5; i >= 1; i--) {
            for (int j = 1; j <= i; j++) {
                System.out.print(j + " ");
            }
            System.out.println();
        }
    }
}

Output

Question 26

Write a program to print a pattern as :

Answer

//

public class KboatPattern
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        int a = 1, b = 0;
        for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
            for (int j = 1; j <= i; j++) {
                if (j % 2 == 0)
                    System.out.print(b + " ");
                else
                    System.out.print(a + " ");
            }
            System.out.println();
        }
    }
}

Output

Question 27

Write a program to print a pattern as :

* * * * *
  * * * *
    * * *
      * *
        *
      * *
    * * *
  * * * *
* * * * *

Answer

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KboatPattern
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        for (int i = 5; i >= 1; i--) {
            for (int j = i; j < 5; j++) { 
                System.out.print(" ");
            }
            for (int k = 0; k < i; k++) { 
                System.out.print('*');
            }
            System.out.println();
        }
        for (int i = 4; i >= 1; i--) {
            for (int j = 1; j < i; j++) {
                System.out.print(" ");
            }
            for (int k = i; k <= 5; k++) {
                System.out.print('*');
            }
            System.out.println();
        }
    }
}

Output

Question 28

Classify the following as primitive or non-primitive datatypes :

char
arrays
int
classes

Answer

Primitive data type
Non-primitive data type
Primitive data type
Non-primitive data type

Question 29

System.out.print("BEST");
System.out.println("OF LUCK");

Choose the correct option for the output of the above statements

(i) BEST OF LUCK

(ii) BEST
OF LUCK

Answer

Option 1 — BEST OF LUCK is the correct option.

Explanation

System.out.print does not print a newline at the end of its output so the println statement begins printing on the same line. So the output is BEST OF LUCK printed on a single line.

Question 30(a)

Write a Java expression for the following :

$\dfrac{\sqrt{3x + x^2}}{a + b}$

Answer

Math.sqrt(3 * x + Math.pow(x,2)) / (a + b))

Question 30(b)

What is the value of y after evaluating the expression given below ?

y += ++y + y-- + --y ; when int y = 8

Answer

The value of y will be 33.

Explanation

    y += ++y + y-- + --y
⇒ y = y + ++y + y-- + --y         y = 8
⇒ y = 8 + 9 + y-- + --y              y = 9
⇒ y = 8 + 9 + 9 + --y                 y = 8
⇒ y = 8 + 9 + 9 + 7                    y = 7
⇒ y = 33

Question 30(c)

Give the output of the following :

Math.floor(-4.7)
Math.ceil(3.4) + Math.pow(2,3)

Answer

(1) Math.floor(-4.7)

Output

-5.0

Explanation

Math.floor method returns the largest double value that is less than or equal to the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer. As -5.0 is the largest mathematical integer less than -4.7 so it is the output. Note that -4.7 is a negative number so the largest integer less than -4.7 is -5.0 and not -4.0.

(2) Math.ceil(3.4) + Math.pow(2,3)

Output

12.0

Explanation

Math.ceil(x) function returns the smallest whole number greater than or equal to x. Math.ceil(3.4) gives 4.0 and Math.pow(2,3) gives 8.0. So the output is 4.0 + 8.0 = 12.0.

Question 31

What are the values stored in variables r₁ and r₂ ?

double r₁ = Math.abs(Math.min(-2.83, -5.83));
double r₂ = Math.sqrt(Math.floor(16.3));

Answer

r1 has 5.83
r2 has 4.0

Explanation

Math.min(-2.83, -5.83) returns -5.83 as -5.83 is less than -2.83. (Note that these are negative numbers). Math.abs(-5.83) returns 5.83.
Math.floor(16.3) returns 16.0. Math.sqrt(16.0) gives square root of 16.0 which is 4.0.

Question 32(a)

Name the operators listed below :

Answer

Less than operator. (It is a relational operator)
Increment operator. (It is an arithmetic operator)
Logical AND operator. (It is a logical operator)
Ternary operator. (It is a conditional operator)

Question 32(b)

State the number of bytes occupied by char and int data types.

Answer

char occupies 2 bytes and int occupies 4 bytes.

Question 32(c)

Write one difference between / and % operator.

Answer

/ operator computes the quotient whereas % operator computes the remainder.

Question 33

Predict the output :

class Test {
    public static void main (String args[]) { 
        double x, y, z ;
        x = 3;
        y = 4;
        z = Math.sqrt(x * x + y * y); 
        System.out.println("z = " + z);
    }
}

Answer

Output

z = 5.0

Explanation

z = Math.sqrt(x * x + y * y)
  ⇒ Math.sqrt(3.0 * 3.0 + 4.0 * 4.0)
  ⇒ Math.sqrt(9.0 + 16.0)
  ⇒ Math.sqrt(25.0)
  ⇒ 5.0

Question 34

Predict the output :

class Power {
    public static void main(String args[]) { 
        int e = 5, result, i;
        result = 1 ; 
        i = e ; 
        while(e > 0) {
            result *= 2 ;
            e--;
        }
        int n = result /2, p = i - 1;
	    System.out.println("2 to the power of " + i + " is " + result);
        System.out.println("2 to the power of " + p + " is " + n);
    }
}

Answer

Output

2 to the power of 5 is 32
2 to the power of 4 is 16

Explanation

The execution of while loop is shown in the table below:

e	(e > 0)	result	Remarks
5	True	2	result = 1 x 2, e becomes 4
4	True	4	result = 2 x 2, e becomes 3
3	True	8	result = 4 x 2, e becomes 2
2	True	16	result = 8 x 2, e becomes 1
1	True	32	result = 16 x 2, e becomes 0
0	False		Loop terminates

n = result / 2, p = i - 1;
⇒ n = 32 / 2, p = 5 - 1
⇒ n = 16, p = 4

Question 35

Predict the output :

class FindFac {
    public static void main (String args[]) { 
        for(int i = 2; i <= 100; i++) {
            System.out.print("Factors of" + i + ":  ");
            for(int j = 2; j < i; j++)
                if((i % j) == 0) 
                    System.out.print(j + " "); 
                System.out.println();
        }
    }
}

Answer

The output of the program is a list of the factors of each integer between 2 and 100, printed to the console.

Output

Factors of2:  
Factors of3:  
Factors of4:  2 
Factors of5:  
Factors of6:  2 3 
Factors of7:  
Factors of8:  2 4 
Factors of9:  3 
Factors of10:  2 5 
...
...
Factors of95:  5 19 
Factors of96:  2 3 4 6 8 12 16 24 32 48 
Factors of97:  
Factors of98:  2 7 14 49 
Factors of99:  3 9 11 33 
Factors of100:  2 4 5 10 20 25 50

Explanation

This Java program finds the factors of integers between 2 and 100.

The program uses two nested for loops to generate the integers to be factored and to find their factors. The outer for loop generates the numbers from 2 to 100 whose factors are to be found.

The inner for loop starts with j = 2 and continues until j < i, incrementing j by 1 each time through the loop. This loop checks whether j is a factor of i by checking whether the remainder of i divided by j is equal to zero. If j is a factor of i, it is printed to the console on the same line as the message "Factors of [i]: ".

After the inner loop has completed, a newline character is printed to the console using System.out.println(). This causes the next message ("Factors of [i+1]: ") to be printed on a new line.

Let us consider the execution of nested 'for' loop for a single value of i (say, i = 6). The given table follows the execution:

i	i <= 100	j	j < i	(i % j) == 0	Output	Remarks
6	True	2	True	True	Factors of 6: 2	6 % 2 = 0
		3	True	True	Factors of 6: 2 3	6 % 3 = 0
		4	True	False		6 % 4 ≠ 0
		5	True	False		6 % 5 ≠ 0
		6	False			j becomes equal to i, inner loop terminates and i becomes 7

Question 36

Give the output of the following program segment and also mention how many times the loop is executed.

int i;
for (i = 5 ; i > 10; i++) 
    System.out.println(i);
System.out.println(i * 4);

Answer

Output

Explanation

Initially i = 5.

The test condition i > 10 is false and so the control comes to the next statement following 'for' loop — System.out.println(i * 4); and prints 20 (5 * 4) on the screen.

Question 37

Find the error

for(count = 0,  count < 5,  count = count + 1)	
System.out.println("This is  count:" + count);	
    System.out.println("Done!");

Answer

The errors are as follows:

The variable count is not declared. It needs to be declared before it can be used.
The syntax of 'for' loop requires semicolons ( ; ) as separators, and not comma ( , ). The correct code is as follows:

for(int count = 0;  count < 5;  count = count + 1)	
	System.out.println("This is  count:" + count);	
System.out.println("Done!");

Question 38

Find the error :

x = 3;	
y = 4;	
z = math.power(x*x, y/2);

Answer

The errors are as follows:

The variables — x, y, z, are not declared. They need to be declared before they can be used.
The letter 'm' in math should be in uppercase as Java is a case-sensitive language. Also, the correct name of the function is pow. Hence, it must be written as Math.pow().

The correct code snippet is as follows:

int x = 3;	
int y = 4;	
double z = Math.pow(x*x, y/2);

Question 39

Find the error:

class Test {	
	public static void main (String args[])  {	
		int x = 10;
        if(x == 10)  {
            int y = 20;
            System.out.println("x and y: "+ x +"  "+ y);
            x = y * 2;
        }
        y = 100;
        System.out.println("x is"+ x);
    }
}

Answer

The variable y is declared inside 'if' block. Its scope is limited to if block and it cannot be used outside the block.

The correct code snippet is as follows:

class Test {	
	public static void main (String args[])  {	
		int x = 10;	
        int y;
        if(x == 10)  {
            y = 20;
            System.out.println("x and y: "+ x +"  "+ y);
            x = y * 2;
        }
        y = 100;
        System.out.println("x is"+ x);
    }
}

Question 40

Write a program that inputs a number and tests if the given number is a multiple of both 3 and 5.

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KboatMultipleCheck
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("Enter number: ");
        int num = in.nextInt();
        
        if (num % 3 == 0 && num % 5 == 0)
            System.out.println("Multiple of 3 and 5");
        else
            System.out.println("Not a multiple of 3 and 5");
    }
}

Output

Question 41

Write a program that inputs a character and prints if the typed character is in uppercase or lowercase.

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KboatCheckCase
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("Enter an alphabet: ");
        char ch = in.next().charAt(0);
        
        if(Character.isUpperCase(ch)) 
            System.out.println("Upper Case letter");
        else if(Character.isLowerCase(ch)) 
            System.out.println("Lower Case Letter");
        else
            System.out.println("Character not an alphabet");
    }
}

Output

Question 42

Write a program that inputs a character and prints if the user has typed a digit or an alphabet or a special character.

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KboatCheckLetterDigitSpChar
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("Enter a character: ");
        char ch = in.next().charAt(0);
        
        if(Character.isLetter(ch)) 
            System.out.println("Letter");       
        else if(Character.isDigit(ch)) 
            System.out.println("Digit");
        else if(!Character.isWhitespace(ch))
            System.out.println("Special character");
        
    }
}

Output

Question 43

Write a program that inputs an alphabet and checks if the given alphabet is a vowel or not.

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KboatVowelCheck
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("Enter a character: ");
        char ch = in.next().charAt(0);
        ch = Character.toUpperCase(ch);
        
        if(ch == 'A' || 
        ch == 'E' || 
        ch == 'I' || 
        ch == 'O' || 
        ch == 'U') 
            System.out.println("Vowel");
                
        else
            System.out.println("Not a vowel");
        
    }
}

Output

Question 44

Write a program that takes a number and check if the given number is a 3 digit number or not. (Use if to determine)

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Kboat3DigitNumber
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("Enter number: ");
        int n = in.nextInt();
        
        if (n >= 100 && n <= 999)
            System.out.println("Three Digit Number");
        else
            System.out.println("Not a three digit number");
    }
}

Output

Question 45

Write a program to input three numbers and print the largest of the three numbers.

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KboatLargestNumber
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("Enter first number: ");
        int a = in.nextInt();
        System.out.print("Enter second number: ");
        int b = in.nextInt();
        System.out.print("Enter third number: ");
        int c = in.nextInt();
        
        System.out.print("Largest number: ");
        if (a > b && a > c)
            System.out.println(a);
        else if (b > a && b > c)
            System.out.println(b);
        else
            System.out.println(c);
    }
}

Output

Question 46

Write a program that takes a number and check if the given number is a 3 digit number or not. (Use a loop to determine)

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KboatDigitCount
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
        int n = in.nextInt();
        int count = 0;
        
        while (n != 0)    {
            count++;
            n = n / 10;
        }
        
        if (count == 3)
            System.out.println("Three digit number");
        else
            System.out.println("Not a three digit number");
    }
}

Output

Question 47

Write a program that prints the squares of 10 even numbers in the range 10 .. 100.

public class KboatSquares
{
    public static void main(String args[])  {
        
        System.out.println("Squares of even number:");
        System.out.println("Number\tSquare");
        
        for(int i = 10; i < 30; i += 2) {
            int sq = i * i;
            System.out.println(i + "\t" + sq);
        }
    }
}

Output

Question 48

Write a program that inputs a number and checks if the given number is a palindrome. A number that is equal to its reversed number is a palindrome number.

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KboatPalindromeNumber
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("Enter the number: ");
        int num = in.nextInt();
        int copyNum = num;
        int revNum = 0;

        while(copyNum != 0) {
            int digit = copyNum % 10;
            copyNum /= 10;
            revNum = revNum * 10 + digit;
        }

        if (revNum == num) 
            System.out.println("A Palindrome number");
        else
            System.out.println("Not a Palindrome number");
    }
}

Output

Question 49

Write a program to input a number in the range 10 to 100 and check if it is a prime number.

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KboatPrime
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        System.out.print("Enter a number between 10 to 100 : ");
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        int num = in.nextInt();
        
        int c = 0;
        
        if(num < 10 || num > 100)
            System.out.println("Number out of range");
        else    {
            for (int i = 1; i <= num; i++) {
                if (num % i == 0)
                    c++;
            }
            if (c == 2)
                System.out.println("Prime number");
            else
                System.out.println("Not a prime number");
        }
    }
}

Output

Question 50

Write a program to print following series of numbers: 2, 5, 8, 11, 14....

public class KboatSeries
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        for (int i = 2; i <= 100; i += 3) {
            System.out.print(i + " ");
        }       
    }
}

Output

Question 51

Write a program to print Fibonacci series : 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8....

public class KboatFibonacci
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        int a = 0;
        int b = 1;
        System.out.print(a + " " + b);
        /*
         * i is starting from 3 below
         * instead of 1 because we have 
         * already printed 2 terms of
         * the series. The for loop will 
         * print the series from third
         * term onwards.
         */
        for (int i = 3; i <= 20; i++) {
            int term = a + b;
            System.out.print(" " + term);
            a = b;
            b = term;
        }
    }
}

Output

Question 52

Write a program to print factorial of a given number.

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KboatFactorial
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
        int n = in.nextInt();
        
        long f = 1;
        
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { 
            f *= i;
        }
        
        System.out.println("Factorial of " + n 
                            + " = " + f);
                
    }
}

Output

Question 53

Write a program to print Floyd's triangle as shown below:

1
2   3
4   5   6
7   8   9  10
11 12  13  14  15

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KboatFloydsTriangle
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        int a = 1;
        for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
            for (int j = 1; j <= i; j++) {
                System.out.print(a++ + "\t");
            }
            System.out.println();
        }
    }
}

Chapter 1

Revising Basic Java Concepts

Class 10 - Sumita Arora ICSE Computer Applications with BlueJ

Objective Type Questions

Question 1

Question 2

Question 3

Question 4

Question 5

Question 6

Question 7

Question 8

Question 9

Question 10

Question 11

Question 12

Question 13

Question 14

Question 15

Assignment Questions

Question 1

Question 2

Question 3

Question 4

Question 5

Question 6

Question 7(a)

Question 7(b)

Question 7(c)

Question 7(d)

Question 8

Question 9

Question 10

Explanation

Question 11

Explanation

Question 12

Explanation

Question 13

Explanation

Question 14(a)

Explanation

Question 14(b)

Explanation

Question 14(c)

Explanation

Question 14(d)

Explanation

Question 14(e)

Explanation

Question 14(f)

Explanation

Question 14(g)

Explanation

Question 14(h)

Explanation

Question 14(i)

Explanation

Question 14(j)

Explanation

Question 14(k)

Explanation

Question 14(l)

Explanation

Question 14(m)

Explanation

Question 14(n)

Explanation

Question 15(a)

Question 15(b)

Question 15(c)

Question 15(d)

Question 16

Explanation

Question 17

Question 18

Question 19

Question 20

Question 21

Question 22