Write a short note on the principles of Object Oriented Programming.

There are four principles of Object Oriented Programming:

1. Data Abstraction — It refers to the act of representing essential features without including the background details.
2. Encapsulation — It is a mechanism that binds the data and code (functions) together into a single unit.
3. Inheritance — It is a powerful mechanism by which one class acquires the properties of another class.
4. Polymorphism — It is the ability of a function or object to take on multiple forms.