Chemistry
With reference to formation of compounds from atoms by electron transfer - electrovalency, state the basic steps in the conversion of sodium & chlorine atoms to sodium & chloride ions leading to the formation of the compound - sodium chloride.
[electronic configuration of: Na = 2,8,1 & Cl = 2,8,7]
Atomic Structure
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Answer
Formation of compounds from atoms by electron transfer
Electronic configuration of Na = 2,8,1
Nearest noble gas = Neon [2,8]
Na loses one electron from outermost shell to attain stability
Electronic configuration of Cl = 2,8,7
Nearest noble gas = Argon [2,8,8]
Cl gains one electron in outermost shell to attain stability.
Hence, the electron given by Na is gained by Cl, both attain a stable configuration and sodium chloride is formed.
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Related Questions
'Valency' is the number of hydrogen atoms which can combine with [or displace] one atom of the element [or radical] forming a compound. With reference to the above definition of valency, state the valency of chlorine in hydrogen chloride, giving reasons.
'Valency' is also the number of electrons - donated or accepted by an atom so as to achieve stable electronic configuration of the nearest noble gas'. With reference to this definition -
(a) State what is meant by 'stable electronic configuration'.
(b) State why the valency of -
(i) sodium, magnesium & aluminium is: +1, +2 & +3 respectively.
(ii) chlorine, oxygen & nitrogen is: -1, -2 & -3 respectively.
Match the statements in List I with the correct answer from List II.
List I List II 1. Mass number of an atom is the number of protons and A: Electron 2. The sub-atomic particle with a negligible mass. B: Argon 3. An atom having stable electronic configuration. C: Nitrogen 4. A molecule formed by sharing of electrons [covalency]. D: Sodium 5. A metallic atom having unstable electronic configuration. E: Neutrons Select the correct answer from the choice in bracket to complete each sentence:-
An element 'X' has six electrons in its outer or valence shell. Its valency is …………… [+2/-2/-1].
An element 'Y' has electronic configuration 2, 8, 6. The element 'Y' is a …………… [metal/non-metal/noble gas].
A …………… [proton/neutron] is a sub-atomic particle with no charge and unit mass.
An element Z with zero valency is a …………… [metal/noble gas/non-metal].
Magnesium atom with electronic configuration 2, 8, 2 achieves stable electronic configuration by losing two electrons, thereby achieving stable electronic configuration of the nearest noble gas …………… [neon/argon].