Chemistry
What is the difference between :
(a) ionic compounds and polar covalent compounds,
(b) ionic compounds and covalent compounds,
(c) a polar covalent compound and a non-polar covalent compound ?
Answer
(a) Difference between ionic compounds and polar covalent compounds:
| Ionic Compounds | Polar Covalent Compounds |
|---|---|
| The chemical compounds formed as a result of the transfer of electrons from one atom of an element to one atom of another element are called ionic compounds. | The compounds formed by mutual sharing of electrons between combining atoms in which the shared pair of electrons are not at equal distance between the two atoms are called polar covalent compounds. |
(b) Difference between ionic compounds and covalent compounds:
| Ionic Compounds | Covalent Compounds |
|---|---|
| The chemical compounds formed as a result of the transfer of electrons from one atom of an element to one atom of another element are called ionic compounds. | The compounds formed by mutual sharing of one or more pair of electrons between combining atoms are called Covalent Compounds |
| They are made up of ions and are hard solids. | They are made up of molecules and are gases or liquids or soft solids. |
| They have high melting and boiling point. | They have low melting and boiling points. |
| They are soluble in water but insoluble in organic solvents. | They are insoluble in water but dissolve in organic solvents. |
(c) Difference between a polar covalent compound and a non-polar covalent compound
| Polar Covalent Compound | Non-Polar Covalent Compound |
|---|---|
| The covalent compounds are said to be polar when the shared pair of electrons are not at equal distance between the two atoms. | Covalent compounds are non-polar when the shared pair of electron(s) are equally distributed between the two atoms. |
| They have fractional positive and negative charges on them. | No charge separation takes place. |
| They ionise in water. | They don't ionise in water. |
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