What are the various challenges faced by political parties?

The various challenges faced by political parties are:

1. Lack of internal democracy within parties — All over the world there is a tendency in political parties towards the concentration of power in one or few leaders at the top. Parties do not keep membership registers, do not hold organisational meetings, and do not conduct internal elections regularly.
2. Dynastic Succession — Since most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning, there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party. In many parties, the top positions are always controlled by members of one family. This is unfair to other members of that party.
3. Role of money and muscle power — Since parties are focussed only on winning elections, they tend to use short-cuts to win elections. They tend to nominate those candidates who have or can raise lots of money. Rich people and companies who give funds to the parties tend to have influence on the policies and decisions of the party.
4. Parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters — In order to offer meaningful choice, parties must be significantly different. In recent years, there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties in most parts of the world.