Chemistry
The gases chlorine, nitrogen, ammonia and sulphur dioxide are collected under the same conditions of temperature and pressure. The following table gives the volumes of gases collected and the number of molecules (x) in 20 litres of nitrogen. You are to complete the table giving the number of molecules in the other gases in terms of x.
| Gas | Volume (in litres) | Number of molecules |
|---|---|---|
| Chlorine | 10 | |
| Nitrogen | 20 | x |
| Ammonia | 20 | |
| Sulphur dioxide | 5 |
Mole Concept
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Answer
| Gas | Volume (in litres) | Number of molecules |
|---|---|---|
| Chlorine | 10 | x/2 |
| Nitrogen | 20 | x |
| Ammonia | 20 | x |
| Sulphur dioxide | 5 | x/4 |
Reason — According to Avogadro's law, equal volumes of all gases under similar conditions of temperature and pressure contain same number of molecules. If 20 lit of nitrogen contains x molecules then 20 lit of ammonia will also contain x molecules. As volume of chlorine is half that of nitrogen so it will contain half the number of molecules of nitrogen i.e., x/2. Similarly, sulphur dioxide will contain x/4 molecules.
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You have collected (a) 2 litres of CO2 (b) 3 litres of chlorine (c) 5 litres of hydrogen (d) 4 litres of nitrogen and (e) 1 litres of SO2, under similar conditions of temperature and pressure. Which gas sample will have:
(a) the greatest number of molecules, and
(b) the least number of molecules?
Justify your answers.
(i) If 150 cc of gas A contains X molecules, how many molecules of gas B will be present in 75 cc of B?
The gases A and B are under the same conditions of temperature and pressure.
(ii) Name the law on which the above problem is based
(a) The relative atomic mass of Cl atom is 35.5 a.m.u. Explain this statement.
(b) What is the value of Avogadro's number ?
(c) What is the value of molar volume of a gas at S.T.P.?