Biology
The diagram given below represents an endocrine gland in the human body. Study the diagram and answer the following questions :
(i) Identify the endocrine gland. Where is it located?
(ii) Why is the above gland referred to as the 'Master gland'?
(iii) Name the hormone which in deficiency causes Diabetes Insipidus. How does this disorder differ from Diabetes Mellitus ?
(iv) Explain the term 'Hormone'. What is the role of Tropic hormones in the human body?
(v) Which lobe of the above gland secretes:
- Oxytocin
- ACTH
- Growth hormone
Endocrine System
ICSE 2019
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Answer
(i) Pituitary gland. The pituitary gland is a small projection which hangs from the base of the mid-brain below the hypothalamus.
(ii) The above gland is popularly called the master gland because it controls practically all other endocrine glands.
(iii) Deficiency of Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) / Vasopressin causes diabetes insipidus.
Difference between Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes Insipidus is summarised below:
| Diabetes mellitus | Diabetes insipidus |
|---|---|
| Caused due to insufficient secretion of insulin. | Caused due to insufficient secretion of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) / Vasopressin |
| High concentration of sugar in blood. | No sugar in urine |
(iv) Hormone is a secretion from some glandular part of the body, which is poured directly into blood and which acts on the target organs or cells of the same individual, bringing about coordination between distant parts of the body.
Tropic hormones stimulate other endocrine glands to produce their specific hormone.
(v) The lobe for the respective hormones is mentioned below:
- Oxytocin → Posterior lobe
- ACTH → Anterior lobe
- Growth hormone → Anterior lobe
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