Biology
The diagram below represents a layer of epidermal cells showing a fully grown root hair. Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow:
(a) Name the parts labelled A, B, C and D.
(b) The root hair cell is in a turgid state. Name and explain the process that caused this state.
(c) Mention one distinct difference between the parts labelled A and B.
(d) Draw a diagram of the above root hair cell as it would appear when a concentrated solution of fertilizers is added near it.
Roots Absorption
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Answer
(a) The parts labelled A, B, C and D are:
- A → Cell wall
- B → Cell membrane
- C → Cytoplasm
- D → Nucleus
(b) A root hair gets turgid because of the absorption of water from the surrounding. Absorption of water by root hair is achieved by the process of Osmosis. Root hairs contain cell sap which has a higher concentration of salts as compared to the outside soil water. This causes the water from the surrounding to move in because of endosmosis and in the process the root hair gets turgid.
(c) The cell wall of a root hair is freely permeable and allows both salt and water to pass through whereas the cell membrane of a root hair is semi-permeable and does not allow large dissolved salt molecules to pass through.
(d) Below is the diagram of the root hair cell as it would appear when a concentrated solution of fertilizers is added near it:
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A leaf cell of a water plant was placed in a liquid other than pond water. After sometime, it assumed a shape as shown below:
(a) Give the term for the state of the cell it has acquired.
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(c) Comment on the nature (tonicity) of the liquid surrounding the cell.
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(e) Redraw in the space provided, the diagram of the cell if it is soon placed in ordinary water for some time.
Study the diagram given below and answer the questions that follow:
(a) Name the process being studied in the above experiment.
(b) Explain the process mentioned in (a) above
(c) Why is oil placed over water?
(d) What do we observe with regard to the level of water when this set up is placed in (1) bright sunlight (2) humid conditions (3) windy day?
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Answer the following questions:
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(b) The movement of which substance is mainly responsible for the weight change in the potato cylinders?
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(d) Write specific names of the processes which occur in beakers B and C [kinds of processes defined in answer (c)].
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The diagram given below represents an experimental set-up to demonstrate a certain process. Study the same and answer the questions that follow:
(a) Name the process.
(b) Define the above named process.
(c) What would you observe in the experimental set-up after an hour or so?
(d) What control experiment can be set up for comparison?
(e) Keeping in mind the root-hair, cell and its surroundings, name the parts that correspond to (1) concentrated sugar solution (2) parchment paper and (3) water in the beaker.
(f) Name any other material that can be used instead of parchment paper in the above experiment.
(g) Mention any two advantages of the process to the plants.