Chemistry
Tests for nitric acid
| Nitric acid | Complete and balance the equations |
|---|---|
| 32. Heat on nitric acid | HNO3 ⟶ H2O + …………… [g]+ …………… [g] [reddish brown fumes evolved] |
| 33. Heat on copper and conc. HNO3 | Cu + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + …………… + …………… [g] [dense reddish brown fumes evolved - blue solution remains] |
| 34. Brown ring test | FeSO4 + H2SO4 + …………… ⟶ …………… + …………… + NO [FeSO4 + NO ⟶ ……………] [A brown ring of nitroso ferrous sulphate is formed at the junction of the two liquids] |
Nitric Acid
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Answer
| Nitric acid | Complete and balance the equations |
|---|---|
| 32. Heat on nitric acid | 4HNO3 ⟶ 2H2O + 4NO2 [g]+ O2 [g] [reddish brown fumes evolved] |
| 33. Heat on copper and conc. HNO3 | Cu + 4HNO3 ⟶ Cu(NO3)2 + 2H2O + 2NO2 [g] [dense reddish brown fumes evolved - blue solution remains] |
| 34. Brown ring test | 6FeSO4 + 3H2SO4 + 2HNO3 ⟶ 3Fe2(SO4)3 + 4H2O +2NO [FeSO4 + NO ⟶ FeSO4.NO] [A brown ring of nitroso ferrous sulphate is formed at the junction of the two liquids] |
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Preparation of nitric acid
Nitric acid Complete and balance the equations Laboratory preparation from nitrates 1. Potassium nitrate [nitre] KNO3 + H2SO4 [conc.] ⟶ …………… + …………… (< 200°C) 2. Sodium nitrate [chile salt petre] NaNO3 + H2SO4 [conc.] ⟶ …………… + …………… (< 200°C)
[NaNO3 + NaHSO4 [conc.] ⟶ …………… + …………… (> 200°C)]Atmospheric nitrogen to nitric acid 3. Nitrogen to nitric oxide N2 + …………… ⟶ …………… 4. Nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide …………… + …………… ⟶ NO2 5. Nitrogen dioxide to nitric acid
[Nitric acid to soluble nitrates]NO2 + …………… + …………… ⟶ HNO3
[HNO3 + …………… ⟶ Ca(NO3)2 + …………… + ……………]Manufacture of nitric acid Ostwald's process 6. Step 1 [Catalytic chamber] NH3 + O2 ⟶ …………… + …………… (Pt / 700-800°C) 7. Step 2 [Oxidation chamber] NO + O2 ⟶ …………… (50°C) 8. Step 3 [Absorption tower] NO2 + H2O + O2 ⟶ …………… Chemical properties of nitric acid
Nitric acid Complete and balance the equations Stability of nitric acid 9. Decomposition HNO3 ⟶ H2O + …………… [g] + …………… [g] Ionization of dilute nitric acid 10. Dissociation HNO3 + H2O ⇌ …………… + ……………
[HNO3 ⇌ H1+ + NO31-
H+ + H2O ⇌ H3O1+]11. Base [sodium hydroxide] NaOH + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + H2O 12. Base [magnesium hydroxide] Mg(OH)2 + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + H2O 13. Carbonate [lead carbonate] PbCO3 + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + H2O + …………… [g] 14. Bicarbonate [calcium bicarbonate] Ca(HCO3)2 + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + H2O + …………… [g] 15. Sulphite [potassium sulphite] K2SO3 + HNO3⟶ …………… + H2O + …………… [g] 16. Bisulphite [calcium bisulphite] Ca(HSO3)2 + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + H2O + …………… [g] Oxidising nature Non-metals [conc. nitric acid] 17. Carbon C + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + H2O + …………… [g] 18. Sulphur S + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + H2O + …………… [g] 19. Phorphous P + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + H2O + …………… [g] Metals (i) Cold, very dilute nitric acid [<1%] 20. Magnesium Mg + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + …………… [g] 21. Manganese Mn + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + …………… [g] (ii) Dilute nitric acid 22. Copper Cu + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + H2O + …………… [g] 23. Zinc Zn + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + H2O + …………… [g] 24. Iron Fe + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + H2O + …………… [g] (iii) Conc. nitric acid [hot dil. nitric acid] 25. Copper Cu + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + H2O + …………… [g] 26. Zinc Zn + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + H2O + …………… [g] 27. Iron Fe + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + H2O + …………… [g] 28. Aqua regia [1 part conc. HNO3 + 3 parts conc. HCl] HNO3 + 3HCl ⟶ H2O + …………… + ……………
[Au + …………… ⟶ ……………
Pt + …………… ⟶ ……………]Inorganic compounds 29. Sulphur dioxide [aq.] SO2 + H2O + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + …………… 30. Hydrogen sulphide H2S + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + …………… + …………… 31. Iron [II] sulphate [acidified] FeSO4 + H2SO4 + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + …………… + …………… Give equation for the action of heat on –
- NH4Cl
- NH4NO3
State whether the reaction is an example of thermal decomposition or thermal dissociation.
What compounds are required for the laboratory preparation of nitric acid.