History & Civics
Suppose you recently visited Jallianwala Bagh Memorial in Amritsar. While you were there, you could visualise what might have happened on that unfortunate day on April 13, 1919. Describe the scene of the tragedy as visualised by you.
Mahatma Gandhi
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Answer
On April 13, 1919, a large crowd had gathered at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar to celebrate Baisakhi and peacefully protest against the arrest of leaders like Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlu and Dr. Satya Pal. Speeches were in progress and people were sloganeering and there was peace and order all around. Suddenly General Dyer along with his soldiers marched in and surrounded the Bagh. After closing the only exit of the garden, he ordered the soldiers to start shooting.
There was chaos and confusion all around. People started running frantically to save their lives, unsuccessfully trying to escape by climbing the walls. The atmosphere was filled with helpless cries of people and the firing of bullets. Many people jumped inside the well in the garden to escape the bullets. The troops kept on firing till their ammunition was exhausted.
After the troops withdrew, their was death and despair all around. There were bodies everywhere and people's belongings, clothes, shoes and pagris (turbans) were scattered all over the ground. At some places, 7 or 8 corpses were piled, one over another. There were many innocent children among the dead too, some as young as 3 years old.
The atrocities of General Dyer transformed Jallianwala Bagh from the site of peaceful protest to the garden of the dead.
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(b) How was this Movement different from the Non-Cooperation Movement?
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Do you think that the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1930 marked the entry of women on the Indian political scene? Did it have any effect on the position of women?