Assertion (A): A Router is more reliable and intelligent device than a Hub or Switch.

Reasoning (R): Router has advanced capabilities as it can analyze the data being sent over a network and decide/alter how it is packaged before sending it to another network.

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.

Assertion (A): A PAN (Personal Area Network) is established within the vicinity of a room (20 to 30 sq.ft.) for sharing information with the computers.

Reasoning (R): A WAN (Wide Area Network) spans thousands of kilometres and is used to establish connectivity across several countries and continents.

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.

Assertion (A): VoIP stands for Voice over Internet Protocol.

Reasoning (R): VolP is a technology that allows us to make voice calls using a broadband connection instead of a regular phone line.

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.

Assertion (A): Bus topology is based on a central node which acts as a hub.

Reasoning (R): Bus topology installation involves low cost.

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.