State whether the following statements are true or false.

(a) The velocity ratio of a single fixed pulley is always more than 1.

(b) The velocity ratio of a single movable pulley is always 2.

(c) The velocity ratio of a combination of n movable pulleys with a fixed pulley is always 2ⁿ.

(d) The velocity ratio of a block and tackle system is always equal to the number of strands of the tackle supporting the load.

(a) False

Reason — The velocity ratio of a single fixed pulley is always equal to 1, not more than 1.

(b) True

Reason — The velocity ratio of a single movable pulley is always 2.

(c) True

Reason — In a combination of n movable pulleys with a fixed pulley, each movable pulley contributes a velocity ratio of 2 because the rope supporting the load passes through two sections of the rope for each movable pulley. Therefore, if there are n movable pulleys, the total velocity ratio is 2ⁿ.

(d) True

Reason — In a block and tackle system, the velocity ratio is equal to the number of strands of the tackle supporting the load. Each strand of rope supports the load, and as the rope is pulled, each strand contributes to lifting the load. Therefore, the velocity ratio, which is the ratio of the distance moved by the effort to the distance moved by the load, is equal to the number of strands supporting the load.