Chemistry
State the type of bonding in the following molecules.
(a) water,
(b) calcium oxide,
(c) hydrogen chloride
Answer
Covalent bonding
Reason — The valency of hydrogen element is 1 and that of oxygen is 2. Hydrogen needs one electrons to attain stable duplet structure of nearest noble gas - He [2] and oxygen needs two electrons to attain stable octet structure of nearest noble gas - Ne [2,8]
Each of the two hydrogen atoms shares an electron pair with the oxygen atom such that hydrogen acquires a duplet configuration and oxygen an octet configuration resulting in the formation of two single covalent bonds [H-O-H] in the molecule of water.
(ii) Electrovalent bonding
Reason — The valency of calcium (2,8,8,2) element and that of oxygen (2,6) is 2. Calcium donates two electrons and oxygen takes up those two electrons and electrovalent bond is formed.
(iii) Polar covalent bonding Reason — In hydrogen chloride, the strong nuclear charge of the chlorine atom attracts the shared electron pair towards itself, i.e., negative charge shifts towards the chlorine atom thereby developing a slight negative charge on it. The hydrogen atom develops a slight positive charge. Therefore, a polar covalent bond is formed as shown below :
Related Questions
Name two compounds that are covalent when taken pure but produce ions when dissolved in water.
An element M burns in oxygen to form an ionic bond MO. Write the formula of the compounds formed if this element is made to combine with chlorine and sulphur separately.
The atomic species X and Y have different number of protons but the same number of nucleons. While atoms A and B have the same number of protons but different number of nucleons.
(a) Which of them are
(i) isotopes
(ii) isobars ?
(b) Give one example of each.
Covalent bonds can be single, double or triple covalent bond.
(a) How many electrons are shared in each?
(b) Give an example of each type.