Chemistry
Preparation of nitric acid
| Nitric acid | Complete and balance the equations |
|---|---|
| Laboratory preparation from nitrates | |
| 1. Potassium nitrate [nitre] | KNO3 + H2SO4 [conc.] ⟶ …………… + …………… (< 200°C) |
| 2. Sodium nitrate [chile salt petre] | NaNO3 + H2SO4 [conc.] ⟶ …………… + …………… (< 200°C) [NaNO3 + NaHSO4 [conc.] ⟶ …………… + …………… (> 200°C)] |
| Atmospheric nitrogen to nitric acid | |
| 3. Nitrogen to nitric oxide | N2 + …………… ⟶ …………… |
| 4. Nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide | …………… + …………… ⟶ NO2 |
| 5. Nitrogen dioxide to nitric acid [Nitric acid to soluble nitrates] | NO2 + …………… + …………… ⟶ HNO3 [HNO3 + …………… ⟶ Ca(NO3)2 + …………… + ……………] |
| Manufacture of nitric acid | |
| Ostwald's process | |
| 6. Step 1 [Catalytic chamber] | NH3 + O2 ⟶ …………… + …………… (Pt / 700-800°C) |
| 7. Step 2 [Oxidation chamber] | NO + O2 ⟶ …………… (50°C) |
| 8. Step 3 [Absorption tower] | NO2 + H2O + O2 ⟶ …………… |
Answer
| Nitric acid | Complete and balance the equations |
|---|---|
| Preparation of nitric acid | |
| Laboratory preparation from nitrates | |
| 1. Potassium nitrate [nitre] | KNO3 + H2SO4 [conc.] ⟶ KHSO4 + HNO3 (< 200°C) |
| 2. Sodium nitrate [chile salt petre] | NaNO3 + H2SO4 [conc.] ⟶ NaHSO4 + HNO3 (< 200°C) [NaNO3 + NaHSO4 [conc.] ⟶ Na2SO4 + HNO3 (> 200°C)] |
| Atmospheric nitrogen to nitric acid | |
| 3. Nitrogen to nitric oxide | N2 + O2 ⟶ 2NO (lightning discharge) |
| 4. Nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide | 2NO + O2 ⟶ 2NO2 |
| 5. Nitrogen dioxide to nitric acid [Nitric acid to soluble nitrates] | 4NO2 + 2H2O + O2 ⟶ 4HNO3 [2HNO3 + CaCO3 ⟶ Ca(NO3)2 + H2O + CO2] |
| Manufacture of nitric acid | |
| Ostwald's process | |
| 6. Step 1 [Catalytic chamber] | 4NH3 + 5O2 ⟶ 4NO + 6H2O (Pt / 700-800°C) |
| 7. Step 2 [Oxidation chamber] | 2NO + O2 ⟶ 2NO2 (50°C) |
| 8. Step 3 [Absorption tower] | 4NO2 + 2H2O + O2 ⟶ 4HNO3 |
Related Questions
Chemical properties of nitric acid
Nitric acid Complete and balance the equations Stability of nitric acid 9. Decomposition HNO3 ⟶ H2O + …………… [g] + …………… [g] Ionization of dilute nitric acid 10. Dissociation HNO3 + H2O ⇌ …………… + ……………
[HNO3 ⇌ H1+ + NO31-
H+ + H2O ⇌ H3O1+]11. Base [sodium hydroxide] NaOH + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + H2O 12. Base [magnesium hydroxide] Mg(OH)2 + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + H2O 13. Carbonate [lead carbonate] PbCO3 + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + H2O + …………… [g] 14. Bicarbonate [calcium bicarbonate] Ca(HCO3)2 + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + H2O + …………… [g] 15. Sulphite [potassium sulphite] K2SO3 + HNO3⟶ …………… + H2O + …………… [g] 16. Bisulphite [calcium bisulphite] Ca(HSO3)2 + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + H2O + …………… [g] Oxidising nature Non-metals [conc. nitric acid] 17. Carbon C + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + H2O + …………… [g] 18. Sulphur S + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + H2O + …………… [g] 19. Phorphous P + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + H2O + …………… [g] Metals (i) Cold, very dilute nitric acid [<1%] 20. Magnesium Mg + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + …………… [g] 21. Manganese Mn + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + …………… [g] (ii) Dilute nitric acid 22. Copper Cu + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + H2O + …………… [g] 23. Zinc Zn + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + H2O + …………… [g] 24. Iron Fe + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + H2O + …………… [g] (iii) Conc. nitric acid [hot dil. nitric acid] 25. Copper Cu + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + H2O + …………… [g] 26. Zinc Zn + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + H2O + …………… [g] 27. Iron Fe + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + H2O + …………… [g] 28. Aqua regia [1 part conc. HNO3 + 3 parts conc. HCl] HNO3 + 3HCl ⟶ H2O + …………… + ……………
[Au + …………… ⟶ ……………
Pt + …………… ⟶ ……………]Inorganic compounds 29. Sulphur dioxide [aq.] SO2 + H2O + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + …………… 30. Hydrogen sulphide H2S + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + …………… + …………… 31. Iron [II] sulphate [acidified] FeSO4 + H2SO4 + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + …………… + …………… Tests for nitric acid
Nitric acid Complete and balance the equations 32. Heat on nitric acid HNO3 ⟶ H2O + …………… [g]+ …………… [g]
[reddish brown fumes evolved]33. Heat on copper and conc. HNO3 Cu + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + …………… + …………… [g]
[dense reddish brown fumes evolved - blue solution remains]34. Brown ring test FeSO4 + H2SO4 + …………… ⟶ …………… + …………… + NO
[FeSO4 + NO ⟶ ……………]
[A brown ring of nitroso ferrous sulphate is formed at the junction of the two liquids]Give equation for the action of heat on –
- NH4Cl
- NH4NO3
State whether the reaction is an example of thermal decomposition or thermal dissociation.
What compounds are required for the laboratory preparation of nitric acid.