Physics
In which direction does the force need to be applied, when a single pulley is used with a mechanical advantage greater than 1? How can you change the direction of force applied without altering its mechanical advantage? Draw a labelled diagram of the system.
Machines
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Answer
In the case of a single pulley with a mechanical advantage greater than 1, the force needs to be applied in an upward direction which is very inconvenient.
In order to change the direction of force applied without altering its mechanical advantage, we have to use a single movable pulley along with a fixed pulley.
The load is attached to the axle of movable pulley A and the effort is applied in the downward direction at the free end of the string passing over the fixed pulley B. One can also use his own weight as effort which will be quite convenient.
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The diagram alongside shows a pulley arrangement.
(a) Name the pulleys A and B.
(b) In the diagram, mark the direction of tension on each strand of string.
(c) What is the purpose of the pulley B?
(d) If the tension is T, deduce the relation between (i) T and E, and (ii) E and L.
(e) What is the velocity ratio of the arrangement?
(f) Assuming that the efficiency of the system is 100%, what is the mechanical advantage?
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