In a homozygous plant round seeds (R) are dominant over wrinkled seeds (r):

(i) Draw a Punnett square to show the gametes and offspring when both the plants have heterozygous round seeds (Rr).

(ii) Mention the Phenotype and Genotype ratios of the offsprings in F₂ generation.

(iii) Name the sex chromosomes in human males and females.

(iv) Briefly explain the term 'Mutation'

(v) What is the number of chromosomes in the gametes of human beings?

(i) Below is the Punnett square board showing the gametes and offspring when both the parents have heterozygous round seeds:

(ii) Phenotype and Genotype ratios of the offsprings in F₂ generation are: Phenotype Ratio — 3 : 1
Genotype Ratio — 1 : 2 : 1

(iii) Sex chromosomes in human males and females are:
Males — XY
Females — XX

(iv) Mutation — Mutation is a sudden change in one or more genes, or in the number or in the structure of chromosomes. Mutation alters the hereditary material of an organism's cells and results in a change in certain characters or traits in an entire population and such changes can persist for years.

(v) Human gametes have 23 chromosomes.