How does exchange of gases take place through the stomata?

Each stoma has two bean-shaped cells called guard cells. The inner walls of the guard cells are thicker than the outer walls. When the guard cells are full of water, they swell and bulge outwards, opening the stomata. When the stomata is open, the exchange of gases takes place by the process of diffusion. Oxygen and water vapour leave the plant through the stomata while carbon dioxide enters through them.
When the guard cells lose water, they lose their turgidity closing the stomata. When the stomata is closed, no exchange of gases takes place through it.