Study the experimental setup in the figure and then answer the questions that follow.

(a) What phenomenon is being studied by this setup?

(b) Explain the phenomenon mentioned in (a) above.

(c) What is meant by 'semipermeable membrane'?

(d) What will you observe in the setup after about half an hour? Give a reason for your answer.

Study the diagram given below and answer the questions that follow:

(a) Name the process being studied in the above experiment.

(b) Explain the process mentioned in (a) above

(c) Why is oil placed over water?

(d) What do we observe with regard to the level of water when this set up is placed in (1) bright sunlight (2) humid conditions (3) windy day?

(e) Mention any three adaptations found in the roots of the plant which enable them to carry out the process mentioned in (a).

Three cylinders of potato were carefully dried on a blotting paper and weighed. Each piece weighed 3 grams. Each one was placed in the beaker as shown below:

Answer the following questions:

(a) After 48 hours, which potato cylinder would be the heaviest?

(b) The movement of which substance is mainly responsible for the weight change in the potato cylinders?

(c) Name and define the process which is responsible for the movement of substance mentioned in answer (b).

(d) Write specific names of the processes which occur in beakers B and C [kinds of processes defined in answer (c)].

(e) Would there be any difference in the weight of the potato cylinder in beaker A after 48 hours? Give reason.

The figure given below is a diagrammatic representation of a part of the cross-section of the root in the root hair zone. Study the same and then answer the questions that follow:

(a) The parts labelled as 1, 2, 3 and 4 are :

1. Root hair, Xylem vessel, Soil particles, Cortex respectively.
2. Xylem vessel, Soil particles, Root hair, Cortex respectively.
3. Root hair, Xylem vessel, Cortex, Soil particles respectively.
4. Cortex, Soil particles, Xylem vessel, Root hair respectively.

(b) The process that enables the passage of water from soil into the root hair is :

1. Diffusion
2. Active transport
3. Osmosis
4. Passive absorption

(c) The kind of force which exists between a liquid and any surface is called as :

1. Cohesive force
2. Adhesive force
3. Capillarity
4. Suction force

(d) The kind of force between the same kind of liquid molecules is :

1. Capillary force
2. Transpirational pull
3. Adhesive force
4. Cohesive force

(e) Sometimes exudation of water occurs from the margin of the leaves in early morning or night. It is termed as :

1. Transpiration
2. Bleeding
3. Guttation
4. Osmosis