What are the functions of the following in breathing?
Abdominal muscles

Given alongside is a diagrammatic sketch of a part in human lungs

(i) Name the parts numbered 1-4

(ii) What do the arrows 5 and 6 indicate?

Given below are chemical reactions (1 to 5) involving glucose and five other chemical products (A-E).

(a) Write the reaction number of the following:

(i) Anaerobic respiration in plants ……..

(ii) End-products in aerobic respiration ……..

(iii) Reaction occurring in liver ……..

(iv) Anaerobic respiration in animals ……..

(v) Storage in the liver ……..

(b) Which reactions (1-5) in the above correspond to the following (write the corresponding number of reaction next to them).

(i) Aerobic respiration

(ii) Change taking place in the liver

(iii) Anaerobic respiration in yeast

(iv) Change taking place in a plant storage organ – e.g. potato.

(v) Anaerobic respiration in animals

The volume of air in the lungs and the rate at which it is exchanged during inspiration and expiration was measured.

The following diagram shows a group of the lung volumes and capacities:

Study the diagram carefully and explain briefly the following:

1. Tidal volume
2. Inspiratory reserve volume
3. Expiratory reserve volume
4. Vital capacity
5. Residual volume