Rewrite the correct statement with the missing word/s : Aqua regia contains one part by volume of nitric acid and three parts by volume of hydrochloric acid.

Give balanced equations with conditions, if any, for the following conversions A to D.

A : Sodium Chloride ⟶ Hydrogen Chloride

B : Hydrogen Chloride ⟶ Iron (II) chloride

C : Hydrogen Chloride ⟶ Ammonium chloride

D : Hydrogen Chloride ⟶ Lead chloride.

In the laboratory preparation of hydrochloric acid, hydrogen chloride gas is dissolved in water.

(i) Draw a diagram to show the arrangement used for the absorption of HCl gas in water.

(ii) State why such an arrangement is necessary? Give two reasons for the same.

(iii) Write balanced chemical equations for the laboratory preparation of HCl gas when the reactants are :

    (A) below 200°C

    (B) above 200°C

Give a balanced equation for the reaction : Conc. hydrochloric acid and potassium permanganate solution.