Give a geographical reason for each of the following:

(i) Pune receives less rainfall than Mumbai.

(ii) Tropical cyclones bring heavy rainfall but temperate cyclones bring light rainfall.

(iii) Kerala has a tropical climate while Punjab has a continental climate.

(i) Pune receives less rainfall than Mumbai because Mumbai lies on the windward side of the Western Ghats while Pune lies on the leeward side. Since places lying on the leeward side receive less rainfall, Pune receives less rainfall than Mumbai.

(ii) A tropical cyclone is mainly formed due to the development of a low pressure area over the sea, this results in high humidity and temperature which causes heavy rainfall. However, in a temperate cyclone wind speed is low and all sectors of the cyclone have different temperatures which is followed by continuous light rainfall for many days.

(iii) Kerala has a tropical climate while Punjab has a continental climate because Kerala is situated near water bodies while Punjab is situated in the interior of the subcontinent. Influences by the sea, Kerala experiences maritime climate, neither too hot nor too cold while Punjab experiences continental type of climate, very hot in summer and very cold in winter.