Chemistry
Explain Lavoisier's experiment which provided evidence to the discovery of components in air.
Air
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Answer
Apparatus: The apparatus was set up as shown, with the mercury in the curved necked retort and air in the bell jar.
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Procedure: The mercury in the retort was then heated for several days.
Observation:
- A red layer was formed on the heated mercury surface in the retort.
- The level of mercury in the trough rose by .
Conclusions:
- The oxygen in the retort combined with the mercury forming mercury [II] oxide [red layer] and the level in the trough rose by th of the original volume, thereby occupying the space of the used oxygen in the bell jar.
- The active part of the air removed by mercury on heating was named 'oxygen'.
- The remaining inactive part of the air in the bell jar was then named 'nitrogen'.
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