Explain briefly the landforms created by volcanoes on the surface of the earth.

The landforms created by volcanoes on the surface of the earth are-

1. Volcanic Plateaus — These are derived from lava which flows from volcanic eruptions. For example, Columbian Plateau.

2. Volcanic Mountains — These mountains are built from material ejected from the fissures of the earth's crust. For example, Mauna Loa in Hawaii.

3. Volcanic Plains — These plains are formed by extensive volcanic flooding from volcanic centres. For example, Victorian Plains in Victoria.

4. Caldera Lake — A large depression at the summit of a volcano is called a caldera. When this depression gets filled with water, it forms a lake known as caldera lake. For example, Crater Lake in USA.

5. Hot springs — The movement of magma in the interior of the earth heats up underground water particularly around magma chambers. When water turns into steam, it gushes up to the surface. Hot springs are a rich source of sulphur. For example, hot springs at Manikaran in Kullu Valley, Himachal Pradesh.

6. Geysers — It is a fountain of hot water and steam that escapes when underground water comes into contact with hot volcanic rocks. For example, the Old Faithful geyser in Wyoming, USA.