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Draw the geometric atomic structure of each of the following atoms showing the number of electrons, protons and neutrons in each of them :

(i) 612C^{12}_6 \text{C}

(ii) 1123Na^{23}_{11} \text{Na}

(iii) 1531P^{31}_{15}\text{P}

(iv) 1939K^{39}_{19} \text{K}

(v) 2040Ca^{40}_{20} \text{Ca}

Atomic Structure

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Answer

(i) Atom of Carbon [612C^{12}_6 \text{C}] —

Draw the geometrical atomic structure representing the electronic configuration of Carbon atoms. Atomic Structure, Simplified Chemistry Dalal Solutions ICSE Class 9

    No. of Electrons [e] = 6
    No. of Protons [p] = 6
    No. of Neutrons [n] = A - Z
    = 12 - 6 = 6
    Electronic configuration = 2, 4

(ii) Atom of sodium 1123Na^{23}_{11} \text{Na} —

Draw the geometrical atomic structure representing the electronic configuration of Sodium atoms. Atomic Structure, Simplified Chemistry Dalal Solutions ICSE Class 9

    No. of Electrons [e] = 11
    No. of Protons [p] = 11
    No. of Neutrons [n] = A - Z
    = 23 - 11 = 12
    Electronic configuration = 2, 8, 1

(iii) Atom of Phosphorus 1531P^{31}_{15}\text{P} —

Draw the geometrical atomic structure representing the electronic configuration of Phosphorus atoms. Atomic Structure, Simplified Chemistry Dalal Solutions ICSE Class 9

     No. of Electrons [e] = 15
     No. of Protons [p] = 15
     No. of Neutrons [n] = A - Z
     = 31 - 15 = 16
     Electronic configuration = 2, 8, 5

(iv) Atom of Potassium 1939K^{39}_{19} \text{K} —

Draw the geometrical atomic structure representing the electronic configuration of Potassium atoms. Atomic Structure, Simplified Chemistry Dalal Solutions ICSE Class 9

     No. of Electrons [e] = 19
     No. of Protons [p] = 19
     No. of Neutrons [n] = A - Z
     = 39 - 19 = 20
     Electronic configuration = 2, 8, 8, 1

(v) Atom of Calcium 2040Ca^{40}_{20} \text{Ca} —

Draw the geometrical atomic structure representing the electronic configuration of Calcium atoms. Atomic Structure, Simplified Chemistry Dalal Solutions ICSE Class 9

     No. of Electrons [e] = 20
     No. of Protons [p] = 20
     No. of Neutrons [n] = A - Z
     = 40 - 20 = 20
     Electronic configuration = 2, 8, 8, 2

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