A person is standing at the sea shore. An observer on the ship which is anchored in between a vertical cliff and the person on the shore fires a gun. The person on the shore hears two sounds, 2 seconds and 3 seconds after seeing the smoke of the fired gun. If the speed of sound in the air is 320 ms^-1 then calculate:

(i) the distance between the observer on the ship and the person on the shore.

(ii) the distance between the cliff and the observer on the ship.

The diagram below shows a wire stretched over a sonometer. Stems of two vibrating tuning forks A and B are touched to the wooden box of the sonometer. It is observed that the paper rider (a small piece of paper folded at the centre) present on the wire flies off when the stem of vibrating tuning fork B is touched to the wooden box but the paper just vibrates when the stem of vibrating tuning fork A is touched to the wooden box.

(i) Name the phenomenon when the paper rider just vibrates.

(ii) Name the phenomenon when the paper rider flies off.

(iii) Why does the paper rider fly off when the stem of tuning fork B is touched to the box?

An object AB is placed between O and F₁ on the principal axis of a converging lens as shown in the diagram.

Copy the diagram and by using three standard rays starting from point A, obtain an image of the object AB.

An object is placed at a distance of 12 cm from a convex lens of focal length 8 cm.

Find:

(i) the position of the image

(ii) nature of the image