Chemistry
Distinguish between the following (using ammonia solution) :
(a) Calcium chloride and zinc chloride.
(b) Ferric salt and ferrous salt
(c) Zinc nitrate and lead nitrate
Ammonia
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Answer
(a) When we add ammonium hydroxide solution to both the given salt solutions, Zinc Chloride reacts to form a gelatinous white precipitate of Zinc Hydroxide (ZnOH), whereas, no such observations i.e no precipitate will form in case of Calcium Chloride solution because ammonium hydroxide is a weak base and it cannot react with calcium salts to precipitate the hydroxide of calcium.
ZnCl2 + 2NH4OH ⟶ Zn(OH)2 + 2NH4Cl
(b) On reaction with ammonium hydroxide, Iron [II] sulphate (ferrous salt) forms a dirty green ppt whereas iron [III] sulphate (ferric salt) forms a reddish brown ppt. Hence, the two can be distinguished easily.
FeSO4 + 2NH4OH ⟶ (NH4)2SO4 + Fe(OH)2 ↓
Fe2(SO4)3 + 6NH4OH ⟶ 3(NH4)2SO4 + 2Fe(OH)3 ↓
(c) When zinc nitrate is treated with ammonium hydroxide, white gelatinous ppt. of Zinc hydroxide is formed which is soluble in excess of NH4OH.
Zn(NO3)2 + 2NH4OH ⟶ 2NH4NO3 + Zn(OH)2 ↓
Whereas, when lead nitrate is treated with ammonium hydroxide, white ppt. of lead hydroxide is formed which is insoluble in excess of NH4OH
Pb(NO3)2 + 2NH4OH ⟶ 2NH4NO3 + Pb(OH)2 ↓
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Related Questions
Copy and complete the following equations.
(a) AlN + H2O ⟶
(b) 2NH3 + 3PbO ⟶
(c) NH3 + 3Cl2 ⟶
(d) NH3 + CO2 ⟶
(i) Which property of ammonia is illustrated by equation (c)?
(ii) What important fertiliser is prepared from equation (d)? State the conditions.
Name:
(a) the gas which is prepared by Haber's process.
(b) two gases which give dense white fumes with ammonia.
(c) one salt of ammonia in each case which is used in:
(i) dry cell
(ii) explosives
(iii) medicine
(d) an acidic gas which reacts with a basic gas liberating a neutral gas
(e) a metallic chloride soluble in ammonium hydroxide
(f) the gas obtained when ammonia burns in an atmosphere of oxygen without any catalyst
(g) a nitride of a divalent metal which reacts with warm water liberating ammonia
(h) an amphoteric oxide reduced by the basic gas
(i) a white salt produced by an acidic gas and a basic gas
Give balanced equations for the following conversions :
(a) Ammonia to nitrogen using an acidic gas.
(b) Ammonia to brown gas.
(c) Ammonia to nitrogen trichloride
(d) Ammonia solution to an amphoteric hydroxide
(e) A nitride of a trivalent metal to ammonia
(f) Lead oxide to lead
(a) What do you observe when ammonium hydroxide is added to the aqueous solution of :
(i) FeSO4
(ii) Iron (III) chloride.
(iii) Lead nitrate
(iv) Zinc nitrate
(b) Write balanced equation for Q.8(a).