Discuss the components of a URL with an example.

The components of the URL are as follows:

1. The Scheme — This is the first part of a web address, also known as the protocol identifier. It tells the Internet browser which protocol needs to be followed to access the address.
2. The Host — The second part of the web address identifies the host. The host starts typically with "www", which indicates the World Wide Web. This tells the browser where the resource, i.e., the site is located on the Internet.
3. The Domain — A domain name follows the host. It is the unique name given to each website. The domain name consists of two parts — one is the name of the domain, and the other is the web (or domain) extension. A web extension tells the kind of organisation and the country it belongs to.
4. The Path — This is the last part of the URL. The path tells the browser regarding the file to be used from the domain directory.

Let us consider an example URL — https://www.india.gov.in/india-glance/states-india

In the given example, the different components of a URL are as follows:

Scheme — https://
Host — www
Domain — india.gov.in
Path — india-glance/states-india