Describe the process of condensation and sublimation with examples.

The change from vapour state to liquid state at a constant temperature on releasing heat (or on cooling) is called condensation.

Example — Steam (gas) at 100°C condenses to water (liquid) at 100°C on cooling (i.e. by rejecting heat).

Sublimation is the process by which a solid when heated directly changes into its vapour (gaseous state) without first changing into liquid.

Example — When camphor (solid) is heated it directly changes into its vapours (gaseous state).