Describe an experiment to show that a liquid exerts pressure at the bottom of the container in which it is kept.

The following experiment demonstrates that a liquid exerts pressure at the bottom of the container in which it is kept:

1. Take a glass tube and tie a balloon at its lower end.
2. Hold it vertically straight as shown in the above figure.
3. Pour some water in the tube.

Observations — After sometime we will notice that the balloon bulges out as shown in figure (b) above.

Conclusion — Balloon bulges out because water column exerts pressure at its bottom. The force on the balloon is equal to the weight of the water column known as thrust.
So, Pressure = $\dfrac{\text{Thrust}}{\text{Area}}$ = $\dfrac{\text{W}}{\text{A}}$, where W is weight of the water column (thrust) and A is surface area.