Explain why scissors for cutting cloth may have blades longer than the handles, but shears for cutting metals have short blades and long handles.

Figure shows a uniform metre rule of weight W supported on a fulcrum at the 60 cm mark by applying the effort E at the 90 cm mark.

(a) State with reasons whether the weight W of the rule is greater than, less than or equal to the effort E.

(b) Find the mechanical advantage in an ideal case.

Draw a diagram of a lever which is always used as a force multiplier. How is the effort arm related to the load arm in such a lever?

Which type of lever has a mechanical advantage always more than 1? Give reason with one example. What change can be made in this lever to increase its mechanical advantage?