Computer Science
Define network security. What is its need ? How can it be achieved ?
Computer Networks
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Answer
Network security refers to making sure that only legal or authorized users and programs gain access to information resources like databases. Also, certain control mechanisms are setup to ensure that properly authenticated users get access only to those resources that they are entitled to use.
Network security is very important because data travels through a network. Protection of data and its secure transmission is only possible if methods are employed to secure the network from various threats like physical/software security holes, inconsistent usage holes, hacking, cracking, etc.
Network security can be achieved through the following protective measures:
- Authorization — It determines if the service requestor is entitled to perform the desired operation. It is performed by asking the user a legal login-id. If the user is able to provide a legal login-id, he/she is considered an authorized user.
- Authentication — It involves accepting credentials from the entity and validating them against an authority. The authorized user is asked to provide a valid password, and if he/she is able to do this, he/she is considered to be an authentic user.
- Encrypted Smart Cards — It is a hand-held smart card that can generate a token that a computer system can recognise. Every time a new and different token is generated, which even-though cracked or hacked, can not be used later.
- Biometric Systems — It involves some unique aspect of a person's body such as finger-prints, retinal patterns etc. to establish his/her identity.
- Firewall — It is a system designed to prevent unauthorized access to or from a private network. Firewalls can be implemented in both hardware and software, or a combination of both. There are several types of firewall techniques such as packet filter, application filter, proxy server and circuit level gateway.
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Approximate distance between these offices is as follows :
From To Distance Work Office Back Office 110 m Work Office Factory 14 km Work Office Corporate Office 1280 km Back Office Factory 13 km In continuation of the above, the company experts have planned to install the following number of computers in each of their offices :
Work Office 200 Back Office 115 Factory 67 Corporate 75 (i) Suggest the kind of network required (out of LAN, MAN, WAN) for connecting each of the following offices:
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- Work Office and Back Office
(ii) Which one of the following devices will you suggest for connecting all the computers within each of their office units ?
- Switch/Hub
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- Telephone
(iii) Which of the following communication media, you will suggest to be procured by the company for connecting their local offices in Ahmedabad for very effective (High Speed) communication ?
- Telephone Cable
- Optical Fibre
- Ethernet Cable
(iv) Suggest a cable/wiring layout for connecting the company's local office units located in Ahmedabad. Also, suggest an effective method/technology for connecting the company's office unit located in Delhi.
(v) Which one of the following devices will you suggest for connecting all the computers within each of their offices ?
- Switch/Hub
- Modem
- Telephone
Global Village Enterprises has following four buildings in Hyderabad city :
Computers in each building are networked but buildings are not networked so far. The company has now decided to connect buildings also.
(a) Suggest a cable layout for these buildings.
(b) In each of the buildings, the management wants that each LAN segment gets a dedicated bandwidth i.e., bandwidth must not be shared. How can this be achieved ?
(c) The company also wants to make available shared Internet access for each of the buildings. How can this be achieved ?
(d) The company wants to link its head office in GV1 building to its another office in Japan.
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